feat: add TTSBackendRegistry for backend registration and creation

- TTSBackendRegistry class with register(), list_backends(), get_metadata(), create_backend()
- Global registry singleton with register_backend() and create_backend() convenience functions
- Unit tests for registry operations

abogen/tts_backend_registry.py

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+"""
+TTS Backend Registry
+
+Provides a global registry for TTS backend factories.
+Backends register themselves with metadata and a factory callable.
+The registry is universal and does not know about backend constructors.
+"""
+
+from typing import Callable, Any
+
+from abogen.tts_backend import TTSBackend, TTSBackendMetadata
+
+
+class TTSBackendRegistry:
+    """Registry of TTS backend factories.
+
+    Stores metadata and factory callables for registered backends.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._backends: dict[str, TTSBackendMetadata] = {}
+        self._factories: dict[str, Callable[..., TTSBackend]] = {}
+
+    def register(
+        self,
+        metadata: TTSBackendMetadata,
+        factory: Callable[..., TTSBackend],
+    ) -> None:
+        """Register a backend with its metadata and factory callable."""
+        self._backends[metadata.id] = metadata
+        self._factories[metadata.id] = factory
+
+    def list_backends(self) -> list[TTSBackendMetadata]:
+        """Return metadata for all registered backends."""
+        return list(self._backends.values())
+
+    def get_metadata(self, backend_id: str) -> TTSBackendMetadata:
+        """Get metadata for a specific backend.
+
+        Raises:
+            KeyError: If backend with given id is not registered.
+        """
+        if backend_id not in self._backends:
+            raise KeyError(f"Unknown backend: {backend_id}")
+        return self._backends[backend_id]
+
+    def create_backend(self, backend_id: str, **kwargs: Any) -> TTSBackend:
+        """Create a backend instance by id.
+
+        Raises:
+            KeyError: If backend with given id is not registered.
+        """
+        if backend_id not in self._factories:
+            raise KeyError(f"Unknown backend: {backend_id}")
+        return self._factories[backend_id](**kwargs)
+
+
+_registry = TTSBackendRegistry()
+
+
+def register_backend(
+    metadata: TTSBackendMetadata,
+    factory: Callable[..., TTSBackend],
+) -> None:
+    """Register a TTS backend in the global registry."""
+    _registry.register(metadata, factory)
+
+
+def create_backend(backend_id: str, **kwargs: Any) -> TTSBackend:
+    """Create a TTS backend instance by provider id."""
+    return _registry.create_backend(backend_id, **kwargs)

tests/test_tts_backend.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 
 from abogen.tts_backend import TTSBackendMetadata
+from abogen.tts_backend_registry import TTSBackendRegistry
 
 
 class TestTTSBackendMetadata:
@@ -27,3 +28,72 @@ class TestTTSBackendMetadata:
         )
         with pytest.raises(Exception):
             meta.id = "changed"
+
+
+class TestTTSBackendRegistry:
+    def test_register_and_list(self):
+        registry = TTSBackendRegistry()
+        meta = TTSBackendMetadata(id="a", name="A", description="Backend A")
+        registry.register(metadata=meta, factory=lambda: None)
+
+        backends = registry.list_backends()
+        assert len(backends) == 1
+        assert backends[0].id == "a"
+
+    def test_list_multiple(self):
+        registry = TTSBackendRegistry()
+        meta_a = TTSBackendMetadata(id="a", name="A", description="A")
+        meta_b = TTSBackendMetadata(id="b", name="B", description="B")
+        registry.register(metadata=meta_a, factory=lambda: None)
+        registry.register(metadata=meta_b, factory=lambda: None)
+
+        backends = registry.list_backends()
+        ids = [b.id for b in backends]
+        assert "a" in ids
+        assert "b" in ids
+
+    def test_get_metadata(self):
+        registry = TTSBackendRegistry()
+        meta = TTSBackendMetadata(id="x", name="X", description="X backend")
+        registry.register(metadata=meta, factory=lambda: None)
+
+        result = registry.get_metadata("x")
+        assert result.id == "x"
+        assert result.name == "X"
+
+    def test_get_metadata_unknown_raises(self):
+        import pytest
+
+        registry = TTSBackendRegistry()
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError, match="Unknown backend: nope"):
+            registry.get_metadata("nope")
+
+    def test_create_backend(self):
+        registry = TTSBackendRegistry()
+        meta = TTSBackendMetadata(id="test", name="Test", description="Test backend")
+
+        def factory(**kwargs):
+            return {"created": True, "kwargs": kwargs}
+
+        registry.register(metadata=meta, factory=factory)
+        result = registry.create_backend("test", foo="bar")
+
+        assert result == {"created": True, "kwargs": {"foo": "bar"}}
+
+    def test_create_backend_unknown_raises(self):
+        import pytest
+
+        registry = TTSBackendRegistry()
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError, match="Unknown backend: missing"):
+            registry.create_backend("missing")
+
+    def test_register_overwrites(self):
+        registry = TTSBackendRegistry()
+        meta1 = TTSBackendMetadata(id="x", name="V1", description="First")
+        meta2 = TTSBackendMetadata(id="x", name="V2", description="Second")
+        registry.register(metadata=meta1, factory=lambda: "v1")
+        registry.register(metadata=meta2, factory=lambda: "v2")
+
+        result = registry.get_metadata("x")
+        assert result.name == "V2"
+        assert registry.create_backend("x") == "v2"