fix(normalization): improve punctuation handling and spacing in text normalization

fix(subtitles): enhance ellipsis and paragraph break handling in subtitle processing
feat(gui): implement background update check for new versions
test(tests): add tests for ellipsis handling and paragraph breaks preservation

AGENTS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# AGENTS.md — Segmentation & Subtitle System Contract
+
+This document is the source of truth for how text is split for **voice
+processing** (TTS engine segmentation) and **subtitle processing**, across
+languages, TTS engines, and subtitle modes. It was written after a bug where
+sentence modes "processed all text as a whole" (one merged engine segment →
+one giant subtitle). **Do not change this behavior without updating this
+table.**
+
+## Voice processing — split pattern passed to the TTS engine
+
+`get_split_pattern(language, mode)` in `abogen/domain/split_pattern.py` is the
+default; the spaCy pre-TTS path overrides it. Both UIs must stay in sync:
+`spacy_pre_tts_segmentation` (`abogen/domain/conversion_pipeline.py`, WebUI)
+and the inline branch in `abogen/pyqt/conversion.py` (~line 860, PyQt).
+
+| Subtitle mode | English (en-US/en-GB) | Non-English, spaCy ON | Non-English, spaCy OFF | CJK (ja/zh) |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| Disabled | `\n` | spaCy pre-split, engine `\n` | `\n+` | `(?<=[.!?؟。！？।])\s*\|\n+` |
+| Line | `\n` | spaCy pre-split, engine `\n` | `\n` | `(?<=[.!?؟。！？।])\s*\|\n+` |
+| Sentence | `\n` | spaCy pre-split, engine `\n` | `(?<=[.!?؟。！？।])\s+\|\n+` | `(?<=[.!?؟。！？।])\s*\|\n+` |
+| Sentence + Comma | `\n` | spaCy pre-split, engine `\n` | `(?<=[.!?,؟。！？،،、।])\s+\|\n+` (commas kept) | `(?<=[.!?,؟。！？،،、।])\s*\|\n+` |
+| Sentence + Highlighting | `\n+` | `\n+` | `\n+` | `\n+` |
+| N words ("5 words") | `\n` (→ Disabled) | `\n+` | `\n+` | Disabled CJK pattern |
+
+Rules baked into this table:
+
+- **English voice splitting is ALWAYS newline-only** for Disabled, Line,
+  Sentence, and Sentence + Comma. English sentence/comma boundaries are
+  produced ONLY at subtitle time (spaCy post-TTS / regex fallback). Never add
+  punctuation to the English engine pattern.
+- **Non-English + spaCy ON**: spaCy pre-segments the text (pre-TTS); the
+  engine pattern is `\n` for Sentence AND Sentence + Comma — **never commas**.
+  spaCy is skipped when the toggle is off, mode is Disabled/Line, or input is
+  a subtitle file.
+- **Non-English + spaCy OFF** (toggle off, spaCy failure, subtitle input): the
+  default pattern is used — Sentence + Comma KEEPS its commas here. This is
+  the intentional fallback, not a bug.
+- CJK: punctuation-based patterns for Disabled/Line (historical); spacing is
+  `\s*` (no spaces needed between CJK chars).
+- Engine-level extra chunking (applies after the pattern): kokoro English
+  re-chunks at ~510 phonemes; kokoro non-English at ~400 chars; supertonic
+  caps each part at 300 chars.
+
+## Subtitle processing — post-TTS, from tokens
+
+| Mode | Behavior |
+|---|---|
+| Disabled | no subtitles |
+| Line | one entry per TTS segment (line) |
+| Sentence | sentence boundaries: English → spaCy; others → regex on `[.!?…]` |
+| Sentence + Comma | sentence + comma boundaries at subtitle time (both languages) — commas never affect voice |
+| Sentence + Highlighting | karaoke `{\kf…}` per word, grouped by sentence |
+| N words | groups of N words by whitespace counting |
+
+Token granularity (timing quality): kokoro English emits **per-word tokens**
+with timestamps; kokoro non-English and supertonic emit **no tokens** → each
+engine segment becomes one FakeToken, split by regex with proportional timing
+when it contains multiple sentences.
+
+## Hard invariants (breaking these reintroduces the original bug)
+
+1. `Pipeline.__call__` (`abogen/tts_plugin/utils.py`) must yield ONE `Segment`
+   per engine segment (with tokens) — never merge segments back into the
+   whole text. `SynthesizedAudio.segments` carries the per-segment data;
+   engines expose it in `plugins/kokoro/engine.py` and
+   `plugins/supertonic/engine.py`.
+2. `tts_segments` (`abogen/domain/conversion_pipeline.py`) restores trailing
+   whitespace on segment-boundary tokens ONLY for real per-word tokens, never
+   for FakeToken fallbacks.
+3. `_to_language_enum` must return `lang_code` as-is when it is already a
+   `Language` enum (`str(Language.ES)` is `"Language.ES"`, which silently
+   resolved to EN_US and disabled spaCy pre-TTS for every language in WebUI).
+4. English must never use spaCy for PRE-TTS segmentation — only for subtitles.
+
+## Guarded by tests
+
+- `tests/test_split_pattern.py` — English newline-only; non-English sentence
+  patterns; CJK behavior.
+- `tests/test_domain_conversion_pipeline.py` — `tts_segments` / spaCy
+  segmentation helpers.
+- Full suite: `python -m pytest tests/ -q` (expect 1566+ passing).

abogen/application/cleanup.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ Called by shutdown.py at process exit and by run_conversion() per-conversion.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import gc
+import sys
 from typing import Callable
 
 _UI_CLEANUPS: list[Callable[[], None]] = []
@@ -19,8 +20,12 @@ _UI_CLEANUPS: list[Callable[[], None]] = []
 def flush_cuda() -> None:
     """Run GC and release CUDA cache. Safe to call multiple times."""
     gc.collect()
+    # Skip entirely if torch was never imported — importing it here just to
+    # check would add several seconds to shutdown with nothing to flush.
+    if "torch" not in sys.modules:
+        return
     try:
-        import torch
+        torch = sys.modules["torch"]
         if torch.cuda.is_available():
             torch.cuda.empty_cache()
             torch.cuda.ipc_collect()

abogen/domain/conversion_pipeline.py

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def spacy_pre_tts_segmentation(
         text_segments is a list of sentences (always at least one element).
         active_split_pattern is the regex to use for TTS backend splitting.
     """
-    from abogen.domain.split_pattern import PUNCTUATION_COMMAS, get_split_pattern
+    from abogen.domain.split_pattern import get_split_pattern
 
     def _log(msg: str) -> None:
         if log_callback:
@@ -99,20 +99,19 @@ def spacy_pre_tts_segmentation(
 
     _log(f"spaCy: Text segmented into {len(spacy_sentences)} sentences...")
 
-    # Compute split_pattern override based on subtitle mode
+    # spaCy already split at sentence boundaries; the engine only needs to
-    spacing_pattern = r"\s*" if lang_enum in _CJK_LANGS else r"\s+"
+    # split on newlines. Commas are never used in the engine split pattern
-
+    # for non-English (Sentence + Comma splits at commas only at subtitle
-    if subtitle_mode_str == "Sentence + Comma":
+    # time, like English).
-        active_split = r"(?<=[{}]){}|\n+".format(PUNCTUATION_COMMAS, spacing_pattern)
+    active_split = "\n"
-    else:
-        # Sentence mode: spaCy already split, only split on newlines
-        active_split = "\n"
 
     return spacy_sentences, active_split
 
 
 def _to_language_enum(lang_code: Any) -> Language:
     """Convert lang_code to Language enum (ISO code or Language enum)."""
+    if isinstance(lang_code, Language):
+        return lang_code
     try:
         return Language.from_str(str(lang_code))
     except ValueError:
@@ -174,6 +173,8 @@ def tts_segments(
     segment_iter = backend(text, **kwargs)
 
     chunk_start = current_time
+    prev_tokens: Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]] = None
+    prev_was_fallback = True
 
     for segment in segment_iter:
         graphemes_raw = getattr(segment, "graphemes", "") or ""
@@ -186,8 +187,10 @@ def tts_segments(
         duration = len(audio) / SAMPLE_RATE
 
         tokens_list = getattr(segment, "tokens", [])
+        was_fallback = False
         if not tokens_list and graphemes:
             tokens_list = [FakeToken(graphemes, 0, duration)]
+            was_fallback = True
 
         tokens = [
             {
@@ -199,6 +202,18 @@ def tts_segments(
             for tok in tokens_list
         ]
 
+        # When the engine splits text on a punctuation pattern, the
+        # whitespace between segments is consumed by the split. Restore a
+        # trailing space on the boundary token of the previous segment so
+        # subtitle processing sees the original spacing (only for real
+        # per-word tokens; FakeToken fallbacks split via their own logic).
+        if (
+            not prev_was_fallback
+            and prev_tokens
+            and not prev_tokens[-1].get("whitespace")
+        ):
+            prev_tokens[-1]["whitespace"] = " "
+
         yield SegmentResult(
             graphemes=graphemes,
             audio=audio,
@@ -207,6 +222,8 @@ def tts_segments(
             tokens=tokens,
         )
 
+        prev_tokens = tokens
+        prev_was_fallback = was_fallback
         chunk_start += duration
 
 

abogen/domain/split_pattern.py

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from abogen.domain.enums import Language, SubtitleMode
 
 # Canonical punctuation sets covering all supported scripts:
-# ASCII (. ! ?), Arabic ؟, CJK (。！？), Devanagari ।
+# ASCII (. ! ?), ellipsis (…), Arabic ؟, CJK (。！？), Devanagari ।
-PUNCTUATION_SENTENCE = r".!?؟。！？।"
+PUNCTUATION_SENTENCE = r".!?…؟。！？।"
 # Commas: ASCII , CJK fullwidth ，CJK ideographic 、
-PUNCTUATION_SENTENCE_COMMA = r".!?,？。！？،，、।"
+PUNCTUATION_SENTENCE_COMMA = r".!?…,？。！？،，、।"
 PUNCTUATION_COMMAS = ",，、"
 
 
@@ -27,9 +27,18 @@ def get_split_pattern(language: Language, subtitle_mode: str) -> str:
     except ValueError:
         mode = SubtitleMode.DISABLED
 
-    # For English, always use newline splitting only
+    # English: spaCy is NOT used for pre-TTS segmentation (it is only used
+    # for post-TTS subtitle boundaries), so sentence boundaries for English
+    # are applied at subtitle time, not in the TTS engine. Disabled, Line,
+    # Sentence, and Sentence + Comma all keep newline-only engine splitting.
     if language in (Language.EN_US, Language.EN_GB):
-        return "\n"
+        if mode in (
+            SubtitleMode.DISABLED,
+            SubtitleMode.LINE,
+            SubtitleMode.SENTENCE,
+            SubtitleMode.SENTENCE_COMMA,
+        ):
+            return "\n"
 
     # Determine spacing pattern based on language
     spacing = r"\s*" if language.is_cjk else r"\s+"

abogen/domain/subtitle_generation.py

@@ -13,6 +13,34 @@ from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
 from abogen.domain.enums import Language, SubtitleMode
 from abogen.domain.split_pattern import PUNCTUATION_SENTENCE, PUNCTUATION_SENTENCE_COMMA
 
+_CLOSING_DELIMS = "\"\"\"\"'\"”’»›)]}」』"
+
+
+def _is_sentence_boundary(
+    token: dict,
+    current_sentence: List[dict],
+    separator: str,
+) -> bool:
+    """Check whether token ends a sentence, considering closing quotes and brackets."""
+    ws = token.get("whitespace", "") or ""
+    if not ws:
+        return False
+
+    # For Line mode, a newline in whitespace or text marks line boundary
+    if separator == r"\n":
+        return "\n" in ws or "\n" in str(token.get("text", ""))
+
+    text = str(token.get("text", ""))
+    if re.search(rf"{separator}[{re.escape(_CLOSING_DELIMS)}]*$", text):
+        return True
+
+    if len(current_sentence) >= 2 and text and all(c in _CLOSING_DELIMS for c in text):
+        prev_text = str(current_sentence[-2].get("text", ""))
+        if re.search(rf"{separator}$", prev_text):
+            return True
+
+    return False
+
 
 def process_subtitle_tokens(
     tokens_with_timestamps: List[dict],
@@ -42,37 +70,55 @@ def process_subtitle_tokens(
     if not tokens_with_timestamps:
         return
 
+    if not isinstance(language, Language):
+        try:
+            language = Language.from_str(str(language))
+        except ValueError:
+            language = Language.EN_US
+
+    if isinstance(subtitle_mode, SubtitleMode):
+        subtitle_mode_str = subtitle_mode.value
+    else:
+        subtitle_mode_str = str(subtitle_mode)
+
     processed_tokens = tokens_with_timestamps
 
     # For English with spaCy enabled and sentence-based modes, use spaCy for sentence boundaries
     # spaCy is disabled when subtitle mode is "Disabled" or "Line"
     use_spacy_for_english = (
         use_spacy_segmentation
-        and subtitle_mode not in [SubtitleMode.DISABLED, SubtitleMode.LINE]
+        and subtitle_mode_str not in [SubtitleMode.DISABLED.value, SubtitleMode.LINE.value, "Disabled", "Line"]
         and language in [Language.EN_US, Language.EN_GB]
-        and subtitle_mode in [SubtitleMode.SENTENCE, SubtitleMode.SENTENCE_COMMA]
+        and subtitle_mode_str in [SubtitleMode.SENTENCE.value, SubtitleMode.SENTENCE_COMMA.value, "Sentence", "Sentence + Comma"]
     )
 
-    if subtitle_mode == SubtitleMode.SENTENCE_HIGHLIGHT:
+    if subtitle_mode_str in (SubtitleMode.SENTENCE_HIGHLIGHT.value, "Sentence + Highlighting"):
         _process_karaoke_highlighting(
             processed_tokens, subtitle_entries, max_subtitle_words, fallback_end_time
         )
-    elif subtitle_mode in [SubtitleMode.SENTENCE, SubtitleMode.SENTENCE_COMMA, SubtitleMode.LINE]:
+    elif subtitle_mode_str in [
-        if use_spacy_for_english and subtitle_mode != SubtitleMode.LINE:
+        SubtitleMode.SENTENCE.value,
+        SubtitleMode.SENTENCE_COMMA.value,
+        SubtitleMode.LINE.value,
+        "Sentence",
+        "Sentence + Comma",
+        "Line",
+    ]:
+        if use_spacy_for_english and subtitle_mode_str not in (SubtitleMode.LINE.value, "Line"):
             _process_spacy_sentences(
                 processed_tokens, subtitle_entries, max_subtitle_words,
-                subtitle_mode, language, fallback_end_time
+                subtitle_mode_str, language, fallback_end_time
             )
         else:
             _process_regex_sentences(
                 processed_tokens, subtitle_entries, max_subtitle_words,
-                subtitle_mode, fallback_end_time
+                subtitle_mode_str, fallback_end_time
             )
     else:
         # Word count-based grouping (e.g., "5" for 5-word groups)
         _process_word_count(
             processed_tokens, subtitle_entries, max_subtitle_words,
-            subtitle_mode, fallback_end_time
+            subtitle_mode_str, fallback_end_time
         )
 
 
@@ -91,10 +137,8 @@ def _process_karaoke_highlighting(
         current_sentence.append(token)
         word_count += 1
 
-        # Split sentences based on separator or word count
+        is_boundary = _is_sentence_boundary(token, current_sentence, separator)
-        if (
+        if is_boundary or word_count >= max_subtitle_words:
-            re.search(separator, token["text"]) and token.get("whitespace") == " "
-        ) or word_count >= max_subtitle_words:
             if current_sentence:
                 # Create karaoke subtitle entry for this sentence
                 start_time = current_sentence[0]["start"]
@@ -109,13 +153,18 @@ def _process_karaoke_highlighting(
                         if t.get("end") is not None and t.get("start") is not None
                         else 0.5
                     )
-                    duration_cs = int(duration * 100)
+                    try:
+                        duration_cs = int(duration * 100)
+                    except (ValueError, OverflowError, TypeError):
+                        duration_cs = 50
                     # Add karaoke effect
-                    karaoke_text += f"{{\\kf{duration_cs}}}{t['text']}{t.get('whitespace', '') or ''}"
+                    karaoke_text += f"{{\\kf{duration_cs}}}{t.get('text', '')}{t.get('whitespace', '') or ''}"
 
-                subtitle_entries.append(
+                text_stripped = karaoke_text.strip()
-                    (start_time, end_time, karaoke_text.strip())
+                if text_stripped:
-                )
+                    subtitle_entries.append(
+                        (start_time, end_time, text_stripped)
+                    )
                 current_sentence = []
                 word_count = 0
 
@@ -128,9 +177,14 @@ def _process_karaoke_highlighting(
         karaoke_text = ""
         for t in current_sentence:
             duration = t["end"] - t["start"] if t.get("end") and t.get("start") else 0.5
-            duration_cs = int(duration * 100)
+            try:
-            karaoke_text += f"{{\\kf{duration_cs}}}{t['text']}{t.get('whitespace', '') or ''}"
+                duration_cs = int(duration * 100)
-        subtitle_entries.append((start_time, end_time, karaoke_text.strip()))
+            except (ValueError, OverflowError, TypeError):
+                duration_cs = 50
+            karaoke_text += f"{{\\kf{duration_cs}}}{t.get('text', '')}{t.get('whitespace', '') or ''}"
+        text_stripped = karaoke_text.strip()
+        if text_stripped:
+            subtitle_entries.append((start_time, end_time, text_stripped))
 
     # Fallback for last entry
     _apply_fallback_end_time(subtitle_entries, fallback_end_time)
@@ -166,7 +220,7 @@ def _process_spacy_sentences(
     # Build full text and track character positions to token indices
     full_text = ""
     for token in tokens:
-        text_part = token["text"] + (token.get("whitespace") or "")
+        text_part = str(token.get("text", "")) + (token.get("whitespace") or "")
         full_text += text_part
 
     # Get sentence boundaries from spaCy
@@ -174,7 +228,7 @@ def _process_spacy_sentences(
     sentence_boundaries = [sent.end_char for sent in doc.sents]
 
     # For "Sentence + Comma" mode, also split on commas
-    if subtitle_mode == SubtitleMode.SENTENCE_COMMA:
+    if subtitle_mode in (SubtitleMode.SENTENCE_COMMA.value, "Sentence + Comma"):
         comma_positions = [
             i + 1 for i, c in enumerate(full_text) if c == ","
         ]
@@ -182,6 +236,56 @@ def _process_spacy_sentences(
             set(sentence_boundaries + comma_positions)
         )
 
+    # spaCy does not treat ellipsis ("...", "..", "…") as a sentence
+    # boundary ("Lorem ipsum... Lorem..." stays one sentence), so ellipsis
+    # runs followed by whitespace/end would merge into a single subtitle
+    # entry. Add explicit boundaries after them. Single dots ("Mr.") stay
+    # spaCy's responsibility so abbreviations don't regress.
+    for m in re.finditer(r"\.{2,}(?=[\s\"'”’»›)\]}]|$)|…(?=[\s\"'”’»›)\]}]|$)", full_text):
+        sentence_boundaries.append(m.end())
+    # Double newlines are paragraph breaks: always split, even when spaCy
+    # sees no sentence boundary.
+    for m in re.finditer(r"\n{2,}", full_text):
+        sentence_boundaries.append(m.end())
+    sentence_boundaries = sorted(set(sentence_boundaries))
+
+    # Multi-sentence single FakeToken handling
+    if len(tokens) == 1 and len(sentence_boundaries) > 1:
+        single = tokens[0]
+        start_time = single.get("start", 0.0) or 0.0
+        end_time = single.get("end")
+        duration = (end_time - start_time) if (end_time is not None and end_time > start_time) else 0.0
+
+        prev_pos = 0
+        cur_start = start_time
+        total_chars = max(len(full_text), 1)
+
+        for i, b_pos in enumerate(sentence_boundaries):
+            piece = full_text[prev_pos:b_pos].strip()
+            if not piece:
+                prev_pos = b_pos
+                continue
+            if i == len(sentence_boundaries) - 1:
+                cur_end = end_time if end_time is not None else (cur_start + 1.0)
+            else:
+                cur_end = cur_start + duration * len(piece) / total_chars
+            subtitle_entries.append((cur_start, cur_end, piece))
+            cur_start = cur_end
+            prev_pos = b_pos
+
+        if prev_pos < len(full_text):
+            remainder = full_text[prev_pos:].strip()
+            if remainder:
+                remainder_end = end_time
+                if remainder_end is None:
+                    remainder_end = fallback_end_time
+                if remainder_end is None:
+                    remainder_end = cur_start
+                subtitle_entries.append((cur_start, remainder_end, remainder))
+
+        _apply_fallback_end_time(subtitle_entries, fallback_end_time)
+        return
+
     # Group tokens by sentence boundaries
     current_sentence = []
     word_count = 0
@@ -191,7 +295,7 @@ def _process_spacy_sentences(
     for token in tokens:
         current_sentence.append(token)
         word_count += 1
-        text_len = len(token["text"]) + len(token.get("whitespace") or "")
+        text_len = len(str(token.get("text", ""))) + len(token.get("whitespace") or "")
         current_char_pos += text_len
 
         # Check if we've hit a sentence boundary or max words
@@ -204,15 +308,19 @@ def _process_spacy_sentences(
                 start_time = current_sentence[0]["start"]
                 end_time = current_sentence[-1]["end"]
                 sentence_text = "".join(
-                    t["text"] + (t.get("whitespace") or "")
+                    str(t.get("text", "")) + (t.get("whitespace") or "")
                     for t in current_sentence
-                )
+                ).strip()
-                subtitle_entries.append(
+                if sentence_text:
-                    (start_time, end_time, sentence_text.strip())
+                    subtitle_entries.append(
-                )
+                        (start_time, end_time, sentence_text)
+                    )
                 current_sentence = []
                 word_count = 0
-            if at_boundary:
+            while (
+                boundary_idx < len(sentence_boundaries)
+                and current_char_pos >= sentence_boundaries[boundary_idx]
+            ):
                 boundary_idx += 1
 
     # Add remaining tokens
@@ -220,12 +328,13 @@ def _process_spacy_sentences(
         start_time = current_sentence[0]["start"]
         end_time = current_sentence[-1]["end"]
         sentence_text = "".join(
-            t["text"] + (t.get("whitespace") or "")
+            str(t.get("text", "")) + (t.get("whitespace") or "")
             for t in current_sentence
-        )
+        ).strip()
-        subtitle_entries.append(
+        if sentence_text:
-            (start_time, end_time, sentence_text.strip())
+            subtitle_entries.append(
-        )
+                (start_time, end_time, sentence_text)
+            )
 
     # Fallback for last entry
     _apply_fallback_end_time(subtitle_entries, fallback_end_time)
@@ -240,9 +349,9 @@ def _process_regex_sentences(
 ) -> None:
     """Process tokens using regex for sentence boundary detection."""
     # Define separator pattern based on mode
-    if subtitle_mode == SubtitleMode.LINE:
+    if subtitle_mode in (SubtitleMode.LINE.value, "Line"):
         separator = r"\n"
-    elif subtitle_mode == SubtitleMode.SENTENCE:
+    elif subtitle_mode in (SubtitleMode.SENTENCE.value, "Sentence"):
         separator = rf"[{PUNCTUATION_SENTENCE}]"
     else:  # Sentence + Comma
         separator = rf"[{PUNCTUATION_SENTENCE_COMMA}]"
@@ -255,22 +364,22 @@ def _process_regex_sentences(
         word_count += 1
 
         # Split sentences based on separator or word count
-        if (
+        is_boundary = _is_sentence_boundary(token, current_sentence, separator)
-            re.search(separator, token["text"]) and token.get("whitespace") == " "
+        if is_boundary or word_count >= max_subtitle_words:
-        ) or word_count >= max_subtitle_words:
             if current_sentence:
                 # Create subtitle entry for this sentence
                 start_time = current_sentence[0]["start"]
                 end_time = current_sentence[-1]["end"]
 
-                # Simplified text joining logic
+                sentence_text = "".join(
-                sentence_text = ""
+                    str(t.get("text", "")) + (t.get("whitespace") or "")
-                for t in current_sentence:
+                    for t in current_sentence
-                    sentence_text += t["text"] + (t.get("whitespace") or "")
+                ).strip()
 
-                subtitle_entries.append(
+                if sentence_text:
-                    (start_time, end_time, sentence_text.strip())
+                    subtitle_entries.append(
-                )
+                        (start_time, end_time, sentence_text)
+                    )
                 current_sentence = []
                 word_count = 0
 
@@ -279,23 +388,39 @@ def _process_regex_sentences(
         start_time = current_sentence[0]["start"]
         end_time = current_sentence[-1]["end"]
 
-        sentence_text = ""
+        sentence_text = "".join(
-        for t in current_sentence:
+            str(t.get("text", "")) + (t.get("whitespace") or "")
-            sentence_text += t["text"] + (t.get("whitespace") or "")
+            for t in current_sentence
-        sentence_text = sentence_text.strip()
+        ).strip()
 
         if len(current_sentence) == 1:
-            parts = re.split(rf"(?<={separator})\s+", sentence_text)
+            split_pat = (
+                r"\n+"
+                if separator == r"\n"
+                else rf"(?<={separator})\s+|(?<={separator}[{re.escape(_CLOSING_DELIMS)}])\s+"
+            )
+            parts = [p.strip() for p in re.split(split_pat, sentence_text) if p.strip()]
             if len(parts) > 1:
-                d = end_time - start_time
+                d = (end_time - start_time) if (end_time is not None and start_time is not None and end_time > start_time) else 0.0
+                total_len = max(len(sentence_text), 1)
+                cur_s = start_time if start_time is not None else 0.0
                 for i, p in enumerate(parts):
-                    e = end_time if i == len(parts) - 1 else start_time + d * len(p) / len(sentence_text)
+                    if i == len(parts) - 1 and end_time is not None:
-                    subtitle_entries.append((start_time, e, p.strip()))
+                        e = end_time
-                    start_time = e
+                    else:
+                        e = cur_s + d * len(p) / total_len
+                    subtitle_entries.append((cur_s, e, p))
+                    cur_s = e
                 current_sentence = []
 
-        if current_sentence:
+        if current_sentence and sentence_text:
-            subtitle_entries.append((start_time, end_time, sentence_text))
+            safe_start = start_time if start_time is not None else 0.0
+            safe_end = end_time
+            if safe_end is None:
+                safe_end = fallback_end_time
+            if safe_end is None:
+                safe_end = safe_start
+            subtitle_entries.append((safe_start, safe_end, sentence_text))
 
     # Fallback for last entry
     _apply_fallback_end_time(subtitle_entries, fallback_end_time)
@@ -328,27 +453,29 @@ def _process_word_count(
             # Split after counting N spaces
             if space_count >= word_count:
                 text = "".join(
-                    t["text"] + (t.get("whitespace") or "")
+                    str(t.get("text", "")) + (t.get("whitespace") or "")
                     for t in current_group
-                )
+                ).strip()
-                subtitle_entries.append(
+                if text:
-                    (
+                    subtitle_entries.append(
-                        current_group[0]["start"],
+                        (
-                        current_group[-1]["end"],
+                            current_group[0]["start"],
-                        text.strip(),
+                            current_group[-1]["end"],
+                            text,
+                        )
                     )
-                )
                 current_group = []
                 space_count = 0
 
     # Add any remaining tokens
     if current_group:
         text = "".join(
-            t["text"] + (t.get("whitespace") or "") for t in current_group
+            str(t.get("text", "")) + (t.get("whitespace") or "") for t in current_group
-        )
+        ).strip()
-        subtitle_entries.append(
+        if text:
-            (current_group[0]["start"], current_group[-1]["end"], text.strip())
+            subtitle_entries.append(
-        )
+                (current_group[0]["start"], current_group[-1]["end"], text)
+            )
 
     # Fallback for last entry
     _apply_fallback_end_time(subtitle_entries, fallback_end_time)

abogen/infrastructure/subtitle_writer.py

@@ -220,8 +220,10 @@ class AssWriter(SubtitleWriter):
         
         style = "Default"
         if self.config.mode == SubtitleMode.SENTENCE_HIGHLIGHT:
-            # Add karaoke tags for highlighting
+            # Entries from process_subtitle_tokens already carry per-word
-            text = self._add_karaoke_tags(text)
+            # {\kf...} timing; only synthesize simplified tags when absent.
+            if "{\\k" not in text:
+                text = self._add_karaoke_tags(text)
             style = "Highlight"
         
         alignment_tag = r"{\an5}" if self._is_centered else ""
@@ -248,6 +250,19 @@ class AssWriter(SubtitleWriter):
         return f"{hours}:{minutes:02d}:{secs:05.2f}"
 
 
+def _coerce_mode(mode: str) -> SubtitleMode:
+    """Parse a subtitle mode, tolerating word-count strings like "5 words".
+
+    Word-count modes are grouped upstream (subtitle_generation) and the writer
+    only branches on SubtitleMode.SENTENCE_HIGHLIGHT, so any non-highlight
+    fallback is behaviorally equivalent for the writers.
+    """
+    try:
+        return SubtitleMode(mode)
+    except ValueError:
+        return SubtitleMode.SENTENCE
+
+
 def create_subtitle_writer(
     path: Path,
     format: str,
@@ -257,7 +272,7 @@ def create_subtitle_writer(
 ) -> SubtitleWriter:
     """Factory function to create subtitle writer."""
     fmt = SubtitleFormat(format.lower())
-    mode = SubtitleMode(mode)
+    mode = _coerce_mode(mode)
     align = SubtitleAlignment(alignment.lower())
 
     config = SubtitleConfig(

abogen/kokoro_text_normalization.py

@@ -672,6 +672,15 @@ def tokenize_with_spans(text: str) -> List[Tuple[str, int, int]]:
     ]
 
 
+_OPENING_PUNCTUATION_CHARS = "«‹“‘([{¡¿「『"
+_CLOSING_PUNCTUATION_CHARS = "»›”’)]}」』"
+_STANDARD_PUNCTUATION_CHARS = ",.;:!?%"
+
+_OPENING_PUNCT_CLASS = re.escape(_OPENING_PUNCTUATION_CHARS)
+_CLOSING_PUNCT_CLASS = re.escape(_CLOSING_PUNCTUATION_CHARS)
+_STANDARD_PUNCT_CLASS = re.escape(_STANDARD_PUNCTUATION_CHARS)
+
+
 def _cleanup_spacing(text: str) -> str:
     if not text:
         return text
@@ -679,22 +688,39 @@ def _cleanup_spacing(text: str) -> str:
     for marker in ("\ufeff", "\u200b", "\u200c", "\u200d", "\u2060"):
         text = text.replace(marker, "")
 
-    # Collapse spaces before closing punctuation.
+    # Collapse spaces before standard punctuation and unambiguous closing quotes/brackets.
-    text = re.sub(r"\s+([,.;:!?%])", r"\1", text)
+    text = re.sub(rf"\s+([{_STANDARD_PUNCT_CLASS}])", r"\1", text)
-    text = re.sub(r"\s+([’\"”»›)\]\}])", r"\1", text)
+    text = re.sub(rf"\s+([{_CLOSING_PUNCT_CLASS}])", r"\1", text)
 
-    # Remove spaces directly after opening punctuation/quotes.
+    # Remove spaces directly after unambiguous opening punctuation/quotes.
-    text = re.sub(r"([«‹“‘\"'(\[\{])\s+", r"\1", text)
+    text = re.sub(rf"([{_OPENING_PUNCT_CLASS}])\s+", r"\1", text)
+
+    # Handle ambiguous straight quotes (\", ')
+    # 1. Remove spaces directly after opening straight quotes:
+    #    e.g. ' \" word' -> ' \"word', '^\" word' -> '\"word', '(\" word' -> '(\"word'
+    text = re.sub(rf"(^|[\s{_OPENING_PUNCT_CLASS}])([\"\'])\s+", r"\1\2", text)
+    # 2. Collapse spaces directly before closing straight quotes:
+    #    e.g. 'word \" ' -> 'word\" ', 'word \".' -> 'word\".'
+    text = re.sub(rf"\s+([\"\'])([\s{_STANDARD_PUNCT_CLASS}{_CLOSING_PUNCT_CLASS}]|$)", r"\1\2", text)
 
     # Ensure spaces exist after sentence punctuation when followed by a word/quote.
-    text = re.sub(r"([,.;:!?%])(?![\s”'\"’»›)])", r"\1 ", text)
+    # Runs of punctuation ("...", "?!?", "!!") must stay together: no space
-    text = re.sub(r"([”\"’])(?![\s.,;:!?\"”’»›)])", r"\1 ", text)
+    # inside the run, only after it ("a...b" -> "a... b").
+    text = re.sub(rf"([{_STANDARD_PUNCT_CLASS}])(?![\s{_STANDARD_PUNCT_CLASS}{_CLOSING_PUNCT_CLASS}\"\'”’»›)])", r"\1 ", text)
+    # Ensure space after unambiguous closing quote when followed by a word (e.g. '”Next' -> '” Next')
+    text = re.sub(rf"([{_CLOSING_PUNCT_CLASS}])(?![\s{_STANDARD_PUNCT_CLASS}{_CLOSING_PUNCT_CLASS}\"\'”’»›)])", r"\1 ", text)
+    # Straight double quote closing (preceded by non-whitespace) followed directly by a word/number/opening
+    text = re.sub(rf"(\S\")([A-Za-z0-9{_OPENING_PUNCT_CLASS}])", r"\1 \2", text)
+    # Straight single quote closing (preceded by punctuation, not internal word apostrophe) followed by a word
+    text = re.sub(rf"([{_STANDARD_PUNCT_CLASS}{_CLOSING_PUNCT_CLASS}]\')([A-Za-z0-9{_OPENING_PUNCT_CLASS}])", r"\1 \2", text)
 
     # Tighten hyphen/em dash spacing between word characters.
     text = re.sub(r"(?<=\w)\s*([-–—])\s*(?=\w)", r"\1", text)
 
-    # Normalize multiple spaces.
+    # Normalize multiple spaces, preserving paragraph breaks (double
-    text = re.sub(r"\s{2,}", " ", text)
+    # newlines must survive so the TTS engine can split on them).
+    text = re.sub(r"[^\S\n]{2,}", " ", text)
+    text = re.sub(r"\n{3,}", "\n\n", text)
     return text.strip()
 
 
@@ -1622,8 +1648,18 @@ def normalize_apostrophes(
         results.append((tok, category, norm))
         normalized_tokens.append(norm)
 
-    filtered = [token for token in normalized_tokens if token]
+    out_pieces: List[str] = []
-    normalized_text = _cleanup_spacing(" ".join(filtered))
+    last_end = 0
+    for (tok, start, end), norm in zip(token_entries, normalized_tokens):
+        if start > last_end:
+            out_pieces.append(text[last_end:start])
+        out_pieces.append(norm)
+        last_end = end
+    if last_end < len(text):
+        out_pieces.append(text[last_end:])
+
+    reconstructed = "".join(out_pieces)
+    normalized_text = _cleanup_spacing(reconstructed)
     return normalized_text, results
 
 
@@ -1824,7 +1860,10 @@ def _normalize_grouped_numbers(text: str, cfg: ApostropheConfig) -> str:
         for digit in trimmed_fraction:
             if not digit.isdigit():
                 return token
-            digit_words.append(_DIGIT_WORDS[int(digit)])
+            try:
+                digit_words.append(_DIGIT_WORDS[int(digit)])
+            except (ValueError, IndexError):
+                return token
 
         spoken = f"{integer_words} point {' '.join(digit_words)}"
         return f"minus {spoken}" if is_negative else spoken
@@ -1846,18 +1885,27 @@ def _normalize_grouped_numbers(text: str, cfg: ApostropheConfig) -> str:
             # Magnitude case: $2.5 million -> two point five million dollars
             if "." in amount_str:
                 integer_part, fraction_part = amount_str.split(".", 1)
-                integer_val = int(integer_part)
+                try:
+                    integer_val = int(integer_part)
+                except ValueError:
+                    return match.group(0)
                 integer_words = _int_to_words(integer_val, language)
 
                 # Spell out fraction digits
                 digit_words = []
                 for digit in fraction_part:
                     if digit.isdigit():
-                        digit_words.append(_DIGIT_WORDS[int(digit)])
+                        try:
+                            digit_words.append(_DIGIT_WORDS[int(digit)])
+                        except (ValueError, IndexError):
+                            return match.group(0)
 
                 amount_spoken = f"{integer_words} point {' '.join(digit_words)}"
             else:
-                amount_spoken = _int_to_words(int(amount), language)
+                try:
+                    amount_spoken = _int_to_words(int(amount), language)
+                except (ValueError, OverflowError):
+                    return match.group(0)
 
             currency_names = {
                 "$": "dollars",

abogen/pyqt/conversion.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import os
 import time
+import logging
 import hashlib  # For generating unique cache filenames
 from pathlib import Path
 from platformdirs import user_desktop_dir
@@ -50,6 +51,8 @@ import abogen.hf_tracker as hf_tracker
 import static_ffmpeg
 import threading  # for efficient waiting
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 
 
 # Configuration constants
@@ -64,7 +67,6 @@ from abogen.subtitle_utils import (
     sanitize_name_for_os,
     split_text_by_voice_markers
 )
-from abogen.domain.split_pattern import PUNCTUATION_COMMAS
 
 class CountdownDialog(QDialog):
     """Base dialog with auto-accept countdown functionality"""
@@ -348,7 +350,7 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
         return samples_processed
 
     def run(self):
-        print(
+        logger.info(
             f"\nVoice: {self.voice}\nLanguage: {self.lang_code}\nSpeed: {self.speed}\nGPU: {self.use_gpu}\nFile: {self.file_name}\nSubtitle mode: {self.subtitle_mode}\nOutput format: {self.output_format}\nSave option: {self.save_option}\n"
         )
         try:
@@ -873,7 +875,6 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                     )
                     spacy_sentences = None
                     active_split_pattern = self.split_pattern
-                    spacing_pattern = r"\s*" if self.lang_code in (Language.JA, Language.ZH) else r"\s+"
 
                     # Pre-load spaCy model for English if it will be needed for subtitle generation
                     if (
@@ -914,15 +915,11 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                                     "grey",
                                 )
                             )
-                            # For Sentence + Comma mode, still split on commas within spaCy sentences
+                            # spaCy already split at sentence boundaries; the
-                            if self.subtitle_mode == "Sentence + Comma":
+                            # engine only splits on newlines. Commas are never
-                                active_split_pattern = r"(?<=[{}]){}|\n+".format(
+                            # used in the engine split pattern (Sentence +
-                                    PUNCTUATION_COMMAS, spacing_pattern
+                            # Comma splits at commas only at subtitle time).
-                                )
+                            active_split_pattern = "\n"
-                            else:
-                                active_split_pattern = (
-                                    "\n"  # Use newline splitting for Sentence mode
-                                )
                         else:
                             self.log_updated.emit(
                                 ("\nspaCy: Fallback to default segmentation...", "grey")
@@ -933,10 +930,10 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
 
                     # Print active split pattern used by the TTS engine once for this batch
                     try:
-                        print(f"Using split pattern: {active_split_pattern!r}")
+                        logger.info(f"Using split pattern: {active_split_pattern!r}")
                     except Exception:
-                        # Print must never break processing
+                        # Logging must never break processing
-                        print("Using split pattern: (unprintable)")
+                        logger.warning("Using split pattern: (unprintable)")
 
                     for text_segment in text_segments:
                         def _qt_check_cancel() -> bool:
@@ -1445,7 +1442,7 @@ class VoicePreviewThread(QThread):
         return os.path.join(self.cache_dir, filename)
 
     def run(self):
-        print(
+        logger.info(
             f"\nVoice: {self.voice}\nLanguage: {self.lang_code}\nSpeed: {self.speed}\nGPU: {self.use_gpu}\n"
         )
 

abogen/pyqt/gui.py

@@ -5,9 +5,12 @@ import tempfile
 import platform
 import base64
 import re
+import logging
 from abogen.pyqt.queue_manager_gui import QueueManager
 from abogen.pyqt.queued_item import QueuedItem
 
+_log = logging.getLogger("abogen.gui")
+
 import abogen.hf_tracker as hf_tracker
 import hashlib  # Added for cache path generation
 from PyQt6.QtWidgets import (
@@ -134,6 +137,28 @@ class ThreadSafeLogSignal(QObject):
         self.log_signal.emit(message)
 
 
+_UPDATE_CHECK_URL = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/denizsafak/abogen/refs/heads/main/abogen/VERSION"
+_UPDATE_CHECK_TIMEOUT = 8  # seconds; bounds offline/DNS hangs so the GUI never blocks
+
+
+class _UpdateCheckThread(QThread):
+    """Fetch the remote VERSION file off the GUI thread."""
+
+    succeeded = pyqtSignal(str)
+    failed = pyqtSignal(str)
+
+    def run(self):
+        import urllib.request
+
+        try:
+            with urllib.request.urlopen(
+                _UPDATE_CHECK_URL, timeout=_UPDATE_CHECK_TIMEOUT
+            ) as response:
+                self.succeeded.emit(response.read().decode().strip())
+        except Exception as exc:  # offline, DNS hang, HTTP error, ...
+            self.failed.emit(str(exc))
+
+
 class IconProvider(QFileIconProvider):
     def icon(self, fileInfo):
         return super().icon(fileInfo)
@@ -1016,6 +1041,7 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
                     self.selected_lang = (
                         language_for_voice_id(entry[0]) if entry and entry[0] else Language.EN_US
                     )
+        self.update_subtitle_options_availability()
         if self.save_option == "Choose output folder" and self.selected_output_folder:
             self.save_path_label.setText(self.selected_output_folder)
             self.save_path_row_widget.show()
@@ -3169,14 +3195,25 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
             save_config(self.config)
 
     def cleanup_conversion_thread(self):
-        # Stop conversion thread
+        # Stop conversion thread (bounded wait so closing never hangs)
         if (
             hasattr(self, "conversion_thread")
             and self.conversion_thread is not None
             and self.conversion_thread.isRunning()
         ):
+            _log.info("Close: stopping conversion thread")
+            start = time.perf_counter()
             self.conversion_thread.cancel()
-            self.conversion_thread.wait()
+            if not self.conversion_thread.wait(2000):
+                _log.warning("Close: conversion thread did not stop in 2s, terminating")
+                self.conversion_thread.terminate()
+                self.conversion_thread.wait(1000)
+            _log.info(
+                "Close: conversion thread stopped in %.2fs",
+                time.perf_counter() - start,
+            )
+        else:
+            _log.info("Close: no running conversion thread")
 
     def cleanup_preview_threads(self):
         # Stop preview generation thread
@@ -3185,8 +3222,13 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
             and self.preview_thread is not None
             and self.preview_thread.isRunning()
         ):
+            _log.info("Close: terminating preview thread")
+            start = time.perf_counter()
             self.preview_thread.terminate()
-            self.preview_thread.wait()
+            self.preview_thread.wait(1000)
+            _log.info(
+                "Close: preview thread stopped in %.2fs", time.perf_counter() - start
+            )
 
         # Stop audio playback thread
         if (
@@ -3194,8 +3236,13 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
             and self.play_audio_thread is not None
             and self.play_audio_thread.isRunning()
         ):
+            _log.info("Close: stopping audio playback thread")
+            start = time.perf_counter()
             self.play_audio_thread.stop()
-            self.play_audio_thread.wait()
+            self.play_audio_thread.wait(1000)
+            _log.info(
+                "Close: audio thread stopped in %.2fs", time.perf_counter() - start
+            )
 
         # Cleanup pygame mixer if initialized
         try:
@@ -3206,6 +3253,7 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
             pass
 
     def closeEvent(self, event):
+        _log.info("Close: window close requested (converting=%s)", self.is_converting)
         if self.is_converting:
             box = QMessageBox(self)
             box.setIcon(QMessageBox.Icon.Warning)
@@ -3218,16 +3266,14 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
             )
             box.setDefaultButton(QMessageBox.StandardButton.No)
             if box.exec() == QMessageBox.StandardButton.Yes:
-                from abogen import shutdown
+                _log.info("Close: user confirmed exit during conversion")
-                shutdown.request_shutdown()
                 self.cleanup_conversion_thread()
                 self.cleanup_preview_threads()
                 event.accept()
             else:
+                _log.info("Close: user cancelled exit")
                 event.ignore()
         else:
-            from abogen import shutdown
-            shutdown.request_shutdown()
             self.cleanup_conversion_thread()
             self.cleanup_preview_threads()
             event.accept()
@@ -4053,75 +4099,85 @@ Categories=AudioVideo;Audio;Utility;
         self.check_for_updates_startup()
 
     def check_for_updates_startup(self):
-        import urllib.request
+        # Network I/O runs in a worker thread: urlopen without a timeout on
-
+        # the GUI thread froze the whole app when offline (DNS/connect can
-        def show_update_message(remote_version, local_version):
+        # hang for minutes). Results return via signals on the GUI thread.
-            msg_box = QMessageBox(self)
+        thread = getattr(self, "_update_check_thread", None)
-            msg_box.setIcon(QMessageBox.Icon.Information)
+        if thread is not None:
-            msg_box.setWindowTitle("Update Available")
+            try:
-            msg_box.setText(
+                if thread.isRunning():
-                f"A new version of {PROGRAM_NAME} is available! ({local_version} > {remote_version})"
+                    return
-            )
+            except RuntimeError:
-            msg_box.setInformativeText(
+                pass  # previous thread already finished/deleted
-                f"If you installed via pip, update by running:\n"
-                f"pip install --upgrade {PROGRAM_NAME}\n\n"
-                f"If you're using the Windows portable version, run 'WINDOWS_INSTALL.bat' again.\n\n"
-                "Alternatively, visit the GitHub repository for more information. "
-                "Would you like to view the changelog?"
-            )
-            msg_box.setStandardButtons(
-                QMessageBox.StandardButton.Yes | QMessageBox.StandardButton.No
-            )
-            msg_box.setDefaultButton(QMessageBox.StandardButton.Yes)
-            if msg_box.exec() == QMessageBox.StandardButton.Yes:
-                try:
-                    QDesktopServices.openUrl(QUrl(GITHUB_URL + "/releases/latest"))
-                except Exception:
-                    pass
-
-        # Reset flag to track if we should show "no updates" message
         show_result = (
             hasattr(self, "_show_update_check_result")
             and self._show_update_check_result
         )
         self._show_update_check_result = False
+        self._update_check_thread = _UpdateCheckThread(self)
+        self._update_check_thread.succeeded.connect(
+            lambda remote_raw: self._on_update_check_done(remote_raw, show_result)
+        )
+        self._update_check_thread.failed.connect(
+            lambda err: self._on_update_check_failed(err, show_result)
+        )
+        self._update_check_thread.finished.connect(
+            self._update_check_thread.deleteLater
+        )
+        self._update_check_thread.start()
 
+    def _on_update_check_done(self, remote_raw, show_result):
+        remote_version = remote_raw.strip()
+        local_version = VERSION
         try:
-            update_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/denizsafak/abogen/refs/heads/main/abogen/VERSION"
+            remote_num = int("".join(remote_version.split(".")))
-            with urllib.request.urlopen(update_url) as response:
+            local_num = int("".join(local_version.split(".")))
-                remote_raw = response.read().decode().strip()
+        except ValueError:
-            local_raw = VERSION
+            return
+        if remote_num > local_num:
+            # Use QTimer to ensure UI is ready, then show update message.
+            QTimer.singleShot(
+                1000,
+                lambda: self._show_update_message(remote_version, local_version),
+            )
+        elif show_result:
+            QMessageBox.information(
+                self,
+                "Up to Date",
+                f"You are running the latest version of {PROGRAM_NAME} ({local_version}).",
+            )
 
-            # Parse version numbers
+    def _on_update_check_failed(self, err, show_result):
-            remote_version = remote_raw
+        if show_result:
-            local_version = local_raw
+            QMessageBox.warning(
+                self,
+                "Update Check Failed",
+                f"Could not check for updates:\n{err}",
+            )
 
+    def _show_update_message(self, remote_version, local_version):
+        msg_box = QMessageBox(self)
+        msg_box.setIcon(QMessageBox.Icon.Information)
+        msg_box.setWindowTitle("Update Available")
+        msg_box.setText(
+            f"A new version of {PROGRAM_NAME} is available! ({local_version} > {remote_version})"
+        )
+        msg_box.setInformativeText(
+            f"If you installed via pip, update by running:\n"
+            f"pip install --upgrade {PROGRAM_NAME}\n\n"
+            f"If you're using the Windows portable version, run 'WINDOWS_INSTALL.bat' again.\n\n"
+            "Alternatively, visit the GitHub repository for more information. "
+            "Would you like to view the changelog?"
+        )
+        msg_box.setStandardButtons(
+            QMessageBox.StandardButton.Yes | QMessageBox.StandardButton.No
+        )
+        msg_box.setDefaultButton(QMessageBox.StandardButton.Yes)
+        if msg_box.exec() == QMessageBox.StandardButton.Yes:
             try:
-                remote_num = int("".join(remote_version.split(".")))
+                QDesktopServices.openUrl(QUrl(GITHUB_URL + "/releases/latest"))
-                local_num = int("".join(local_version.split(".")))
+            except Exception:
-            except ValueError as ve:
+                pass
-                return
-
-            if remote_num > local_num:
-                # Use QTimer to ensure UI is ready, then show update message.
-                QTimer.singleShot(
-                    1000, lambda: show_update_message(remote_version, local_version)
-                )
-            elif show_result:
-                # Show "no updates" message if manually checking
-                QMessageBox.information(
-                    self,
-                    "Up to Date",
-                    f"You are running the latest version of {PROGRAM_NAME} ({local_version}).",
-                )
-        except Exception as e:
-            if show_result:
-                QMessageBox.warning(
-                    self,
-                    "Update Check Failed",
-                    f"Could not check for updates:\n{str(e)}",
-                )
-            pass
 
     def clear_cache_files(self):
         """Clear cache files created by the program."""
@@ -4224,8 +4280,6 @@ Categories=AudioVideo;Audio;Utility;
 
     def set_max_log_lines(self):
         """Open a dialog to set the maximum lines in the log window."""
-        from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QInputDialog
-
         value, ok = QInputDialog.getInt(
             self,
             "Max Lines in Log Window",
@@ -4247,8 +4301,6 @@ Categories=AudioVideo;Audio;Utility;
 
     def set_max_subtitle_words(self):
         """Open a dialog to set the maximum words per subtitle"""
-        from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QInputDialog
-
         current_value = self.config.get("max_subtitle_words", _DEFAULTS["max_subtitle_words"])
 
         value, ok = QInputDialog.getInt(

abogen/pyqt/main.py

@@ -164,6 +164,9 @@ def main():
     with timed_log("QApplication creation", logger=_log):
         app = QApplication(sys.argv)
 
+    # Qt shutdown hook must be connected AFTER QApplication exists
+    shutdown.install_qt_hook()
+
     # Set application icon using get_resource_path from utils
     icon_path = get_resource_path("abogen.assets", "icon.ico")
     if icon_path:
@@ -181,7 +184,11 @@ def main():
     with timed_log("window show", logger=_log):
         ex.show()
     _log.info("App startup complete. Showing window.")
-    sys.exit(app.exec())
+    rc = app.exec()
+    # Restore the default Qt message handler BEFORE interpreter shutdown.
+    # A Python message handler invoked during Qt teardown segfaults (SIGSEGV).
+    qInstallMessageHandler(None)
+    sys.exit(rc)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

abogen/shutdown.py

@@ -14,10 +14,14 @@ Per-conversion cleanup lives in run_conversion() finally block.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import atexit
+import logging
 import signal
 import sys
+import time
 from typing import Callable
 
+_log = logging.getLogger("abogen.shutdown")
+
 _CLEANUP_FUNCS: list[Callable[[], None]] = []
 _EXECUTED = False
 
@@ -32,11 +36,17 @@ def _run_cleanups() -> None:
     if _EXECUTED:
         return
     _EXECUTED = True
+    _log.info("Shutdown: starting %d cleanup hook(s)", len(_CLEANUP_FUNCS))
     for fn in _CLEANUP_FUNCS:
+        start = time.perf_counter()
         try:
             fn()
         except Exception:
             pass
+        _log.info(
+            "Shutdown: %s done in %.2fs", fn.__name__, time.perf_counter() - start
+        )
+    _log.info("Shutdown: all cleanups finished")
 
 
 # ---- Process-level cleanup functions ----
@@ -117,13 +127,19 @@ def register_shutdown() -> None:
         except Exception:
             pass
 
-    # Qt hook — connect AFTER QApplication is created
+    install_qt_hook()
+
+
+def install_qt_hook() -> None:
+    """Connect Qt aboutToQuit to cleanup. Must run AFTER QApplication is created."""
     try:
         from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication
 
         app = QApplication.instance()
-        if app is not None:
+        if app is not None and not getattr(app, "_abogen_cleanup_connected", False):
             app.aboutToQuit.connect(_run_cleanups)
+            app._abogen_cleanup_connected = True
+            _log.info("Shutdown: Qt aboutToQuit hook connected")
     except Exception:
         pass
 
@@ -132,13 +148,15 @@ register_shutdown._registered = False
 
 
 def _on_signal(signum: int, _frame) -> None:
+    _log.info("Shutdown: signal %s received", signum)
     _run_cleanups()
     sys.exit(0)
 
 
 def request_shutdown() -> None:
     """Programmatically trigger cleanup (e.g., from GUI closeEvent)."""
+    _log.info("Shutdown: cleanup requested")
     _run_cleanups()
 
 
-__all__ = ["register_shutdown", "request_shutdown", "register_cleanup"]
+__all__ = ["register_shutdown", "install_qt_hook", "request_shutdown", "register_cleanup"]

abogen/tts_plugin/types.py

@@ -79,6 +79,44 @@ class SynthesisRequest:
     format: AudioFormat
 
 
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class TokenTiming:
+    """Per-token timing within a synthesized segment.
+
+    Attributes:
+        text: Token text.
+        whitespace: Whitespace following the token ("" if none).
+        start: Start time in seconds (relative to segment start).
+        end: End time in seconds (relative to segment start).
+    """
+
+    text: str
+    whitespace: str = ""
+    start: float = 0.0
+    end: float = 0.0
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class AudioSegment:
+    """One contiguous synthesized segment (sentence-level chunk).
+
+    Engines that split the input text (via ``split_pattern``) expose each
+    chunk as its own AudioSegment so hosts can report per-sentence progress
+    and build subtitles from per-token timings.
+
+    Attributes:
+        graphemes: The text this segment was synthesized from.
+        audio: Raw float32 PCM audio bytes for this segment.
+        sample_rate: Sample rate of ``audio``.
+        tokens: Per-token timing details, when the engine provides them.
+    """
+
+    graphemes: str
+    audio: bytes
+    sample_rate: int
+    tokens: tuple[TokenTiming, ...] = ()
+
+
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
 class SynthesizedAudio:
     """Immutable value object for synthesized audio result.
@@ -87,11 +125,15 @@ class SynthesizedAudio:
         data: Raw audio bytes.
         format: Audio format of the result.
         duration: Duration of the audio.
+        segments: Per-segment details when the engine split the text into
+            sentence-level chunks (empty for engines that only produce a
+            single merged result).
     """
 
     data: bytes
     format: AudioFormat
     duration: Duration
+    segments: tuple[AudioSegment, ...] = ()
 
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True)

abogen/tts_plugin/utils.py

@@ -169,15 +169,38 @@ class Pipeline:
         )
 
         result = session.synthesize(request)
-        audio_array = np.frombuffer(result.data, dtype=np.float32)
 
-        from dataclasses import dataclass
+        from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+
+        @dataclass
+        class Token:
+            text: str
+            whitespace: str = ""
+            start_ts: float = 0.0
+            end_ts: float = 0.0
 
         @dataclass
         class Segment:
             graphemes: str
             audio: np.ndarray
+            tokens: list[Any] = field(default_factory=list)
 
+        if result.segments:
+            for seg in result.segments:
+                audio_array = np.frombuffer(seg.audio, dtype=np.float32)
+                tokens = [
+                    Token(
+                        text=tok.text,
+                        whitespace=tok.whitespace,
+                        start_ts=tok.start,
+                        end_ts=tok.end,
+                    )
+                    for tok in seg.tokens
+                ]
+                yield Segment(graphemes=seg.graphemes, audio=audio_array, tokens=tokens)
+            return
+
+        audio_array = np.frombuffer(result.data, dtype=np.float32)
         yield Segment(graphemes=text, audio=audio_array)
 
     def load_single_voice(self, voice_name: str) -> Any:

abogen/utils.py

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ from functools import lru_cache
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv, find_dotenv
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 
 def _load_environment() -> None:
     explicit_path = os.environ.get("ABOGEN_ENV_FILE")
@@ -441,10 +443,6 @@ default_encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
 
 
 def create_process(cmd, stdin=None, text=True, capture_output=False):
-    import logging
-
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
     # Configure root logger to output to console if not already configured
     root = logging.getLogger()
     if not root.handlers:
@@ -493,8 +491,8 @@ def create_process(cmd, stdin=None, text=True, capture_output=False):
             }
         )
 
-    # Print the command being executed
+    # Log the command being executed
-    print(f"Executing: {cmd if isinstance(cmd, str) else ' '.join(cmd)}")
+    logger.info(f"Executing: {cmd if isinstance(cmd, str) else ' '.join(cmd)}")
 
     proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, **kwargs)
 
@@ -615,7 +613,7 @@ def prevent_sleep_start():
             )
         else:
             # Non-systemd distro or systemd tools not installed: skip inhibition rather than crash
-            print(
+            logger.warning(
                 "systemd-inhibit not found: skipping sleep inhibition on this Linux system."
             )
 

plugins/kokoro/engine.py

@@ -22,9 +22,11 @@ from abogen.tts_plugin.errors import EngineError
 from abogen.tts_plugin.manifest import VoiceManifest
 from abogen.tts_plugin.types import (
     AudioFormat,
+    AudioSegment,
     Duration,
     SynthesisRequest,
     SynthesizedAudio,
+    TokenTiming,
 )
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -117,7 +119,9 @@ class KokoroSession:
             speed = request.parameters.values.get("speed", 1.0)
             split_pattern = request.parameters.values.get("split_pattern", None)
 
+            sample_rate = _KOKORO_SAMPLE_RATE
             audio_parts: list[np.ndarray] = []
+            segments: list[AudioSegment] = []
             for segment in self._pipeline(
                 request.text,
                 voice=voice,
@@ -127,7 +131,28 @@ class KokoroSession:
                 audio = segment.audio
                 if hasattr(audio, "numpy"):
                     audio = audio.numpy()
-                audio_parts.append(np.asarray(audio, dtype="float32"))
+                audio = np.asarray(audio, dtype="float32")
+                if audio.size == 0:
+                    continue
+                audio_parts.append(audio)
+
+                tokens = tuple(
+                    TokenTiming(
+                        text=str(tok.text),
+                        whitespace=str(tok.whitespace or ""),
+                        start=float(tok.start_ts or 0.0),
+                        end=float(tok.end_ts or 0.0),
+                    )
+                    for tok in (getattr(segment, "tokens", None) or [])
+                )
+                segments.append(
+                    AudioSegment(
+                        graphemes=str(getattr(segment, "graphemes", "") or ""),
+                        audio=audio.tobytes(),
+                        sample_rate=sample_rate,
+                        tokens=tokens,
+                    )
+                )
 
             if not audio_parts:
                 return SynthesizedAudio(
@@ -138,12 +163,13 @@ class KokoroSession:
 
             combined = np.concatenate(audio_parts).astype("float32", copy=False)
             audio_bytes = combined.tobytes()
-            duration_seconds = len(combined) / _KOKORO_SAMPLE_RATE
+            duration_seconds = len(combined) / sample_rate
 
             return SynthesizedAudio(
                 data=audio_bytes,
                 format=AudioFormat(mime="audio/wav", extension="wav"),
                 duration=Duration(seconds=duration_seconds),
+                segments=tuple(segments),
             )
         except EngineError:
             raise

plugins/supertonic/engine.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from abogen.tts_plugin.errors import EngineError
 from abogen.tts_plugin.manifest import VoiceManifest
 from abogen.tts_plugin.types import (
     AudioFormat,
+    AudioSegment,
     Duration,
     SynthesisRequest,
     SynthesizedAudio,
@@ -113,6 +114,7 @@ class SuperTonicSession:
                 total_steps = int(total_steps)
 
             audio_parts: list[np.ndarray] = []
+            segments: list[AudioSegment] = []
             for segment in self._pipeline(
                 request.text,
                 voice=voice,
@@ -120,7 +122,17 @@ class SuperTonicSession:
                 split_pattern=split_pattern,
                 total_steps=total_steps,
             ):
-                audio_parts.append(segment.audio)
+                audio = np.asarray(segment.audio, dtype="float32")
+                if audio.size == 0:
+                    continue
+                audio_parts.append(audio)
+                segments.append(
+                    AudioSegment(
+                        graphemes=str(getattr(segment, "graphemes", "") or ""),
+                        audio=audio.tobytes(),
+                        sample_rate=self._pipeline.sample_rate,
+                    )
+                )
 
             if not audio_parts:
                 return SynthesizedAudio(
@@ -139,6 +151,7 @@ class SuperTonicSession:
                 data=audio_bytes,
                 format=AudioFormat(mime="audio/wav", extension="wav"),
                 duration=Duration(seconds=duration_seconds),
+                segments=tuple(segments),
             )
         except EngineError:
             raise

tests/test_regression_fixes.py

@@ -90,3 +90,10 @@ def test_manual_override_normalization():
     assert normalize_manual_override_token("The") == "the"
     assert normalize_manual_override_token("  A  ") == "a"
     assert normalize_manual_override_token("word") == "word"
+
+
+def test_paragraph_breaks_and_ellipsis_preserved():
+    normalized = normalize("Test. Lorem ipsum...\n\nLorem...\n\nLorem ...")
+    assert "\n\n" in normalized
+    assert ". . ." not in normalized
+    assert "Lorem..." in normalized

tests/test_split_pattern.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from abogen.domain.enums import Language
 from abogen.domain.split_pattern import get_split_pattern
 
 
-# --- English always returns \n ---
+# --- English: newline-only for Disabled/Line, punctuation-based for sentence modes ---
 
 class TestEnglish:
     def test_english_sentence(self):

tests/test_subtitle_scenarios.py

@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+"""Comprehensive tests for subtitle generation across different models, modes, and text scenarios.
+
+Tests include:
+- Quotation mark handling (straight quotes, curly quotes, guillemets, dialogs)
+- No spurious spaces after opening quotes (e.g., test "word word" vs test " word word")
+- Proper sentence boundary detection for quoted dialogues (e.g., "Hello." She said.)
+- Paragraph handling and multi-line text
+- All subtitle modes (Line, Sentence, Sentence + Comma, Sentence + Highlighting, N-words)
+- Both TTS model token styles (Kokoro per-word tokens and Supertonic FakeTokens)
+- Non-English and multilingual scenarios
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from abogen.domain.enums import Language, SubtitleMode
+from abogen.domain.normalization import prepare_text_for_tts
+from abogen.domain.subtitle_generation import (
+    process_subtitle_tokens,
+    PUNCTUATION_SENTENCE,
+    PUNCTUATION_SENTENCE_COMMA,
+)
+
+
+class TestQuoteNormalizationAndSpacing:
+    """Verify text normalization correctly preserves quotation mark spacing."""
+
+    def test_straight_quote_mid_sentence_no_extra_space(self):
+        """Input 'test "word word"' should keep space before quote and no space after."""
+        text = 'test "word word"'
+        normalized = prepare_text_for_tts(text)
+        assert '" word' not in normalized
+        assert 'test "' in normalized or 'test "word' in normalized
+
+    def test_straight_quote_at_start_no_extra_space(self):
+        """Input '"word word"' should not have a leading space after opening quote."""
+        text = '"word word"'
+        normalized = prepare_text_for_tts(text)
+        assert not normalized.startswith('" ')
+        assert normalized.startswith('"word')
+
+    def test_dialogue_quote_spacing(self):
+        """He said, "Hello world." should preserve proper comma-space-quote-word sequence."""
+        text = 'He said, "Hello world."'
+        normalized = prepare_text_for_tts(text)
+        assert 'said, "' in normalized or 'said,"' not in normalized
+        assert '" Hello' not in normalized
+        assert '"Hello' in normalized
+
+    def test_quote_with_contraction(self):
+        """Contraction inside quotes like "Don't go!" should expand cleanly without extra spaces."""
+        text = '"Don\'t go!"'
+        normalized = prepare_text_for_tts(text)
+        assert '" Do not' not in normalized
+        assert '"Do not' in normalized or '"Don\'t' in normalized
+
+    def test_curly_quotes_preserved(self):
+        """Curly quotes like “Hello world.” should not have spurious spacing."""
+        text = '“Hello world.”'
+        normalized = prepare_text_for_tts(text)
+        assert '“ ' not in normalized
+        assert ' ”' not in normalized
+
+    def test_spanish_opening_punctuation(self):
+        """Spanish inverted exclamation ¡Hola! should not have space after ¡."""
+        text = '¡Hola mundo!'
+        normalized = prepare_text_for_tts(text)
+        assert '¡ ' not in normalized
+
+    def test_french_guillemets_spacing(self):
+        """French guillemets « Bonjour » should clean up spaces properly."""
+        text = '« Bonjour »'
+        normalized = prepare_text_for_tts(text)
+        assert '« ' not in normalized
+        assert ' »' not in normalized
+
+
+class TestKokoroPerWordTokenSubtitles:
+    """Tests using Kokoro-style per-word tokens with individual timestamps."""
+
+    def test_quoted_phrase_subtitles(self):
+        """Tokens for 'test "word word"' produce subtitle without space after quote."""
+        tokens = [
+            {"start": 0.0, "end": 0.3, "text": "test", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 0.3, "end": 0.35, "text": '"', "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 0.35, "end": 0.7, "text": "word", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 0.7, "end": 1.0, "text": "word", "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 1.0, "end": 1.05, "text": '"', "whitespace": ""},
+        ]
+        entries = []
+        process_subtitle_tokens(
+            tokens, entries, max_subtitle_words=50, subtitle_mode="Sentence",
+            language=Language.EN_US, use_spacy_segmentation=False
+        )
+        assert len(entries) == 1
+        assert entries[0][2] == 'test "word word"'
+
+    def test_dialogue_sentence_splitting_regex(self):
+        """Dialogue ending with ." should split into separate sentence subtitles."""
+        tokens = [
+            {"start": 0.0, "end": 0.05, "text": '"', "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 0.05, "end": 0.5, "text": "Hello", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 0.5, "end": 0.9, "text": "world.", "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 0.9, "end": 0.95, "text": '"', "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 0.95, "end": 1.4, "text": "She", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 1.4, "end": 1.8, "text": "smiled.", "whitespace": ""},
+        ]
+        entries = []
+        process_subtitle_tokens(
+            tokens, entries, max_subtitle_words=50, subtitle_mode="Sentence",
+            language=Language.EN_US, use_spacy_segmentation=False
+        )
+        assert len(entries) == 2
+        assert entries[0][2] == '"Hello world."'
+        assert entries[1][2] == "She smiled."
+        assert entries[0][0] == 0.0
+        assert entries[0][1] == 0.95
+        assert entries[1][0] == 0.95
+        assert entries[1][1] == 1.8
+
+    def test_question_exclamation_dialogue_splitting(self):
+        """Dialogue with ?" and !" should split sentences cleanly."""
+        tokens = [
+            {"start": 0.0, "end": 0.05, "text": '"', "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 0.05, "end": 0.4, "text": "Why?", "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 0.4, "end": 0.45, "text": '"', "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 0.45, "end": 0.8, "text": "she", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 0.8, "end": 1.2, "text": "asked.", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 1.2, "end": 1.25, "text": '"', "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 1.25, "end": 1.7, "text": "Because!", "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 1.7, "end": 1.75, "text": '"', "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 1.75, "end": 2.0, "text": "he", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 2.0, "end": 2.4, "text": "replied.", "whitespace": ""},
+        ]
+        entries = []
+        process_subtitle_tokens(
+            tokens, entries, max_subtitle_words=50, subtitle_mode="Sentence",
+            language=Language.EN_US, use_spacy_segmentation=False
+        )
+        assert len(entries) == 4
+        assert entries[0][2] == '"Why?"'
+        assert entries[1][2] == "she asked."
+        assert entries[2][2] == '"Because!"'
+        assert entries[3][2] == "he replied."
+
+    def test_sentence_comma_mode_with_quotes(self):
+        """Sentence + Comma mode splits at commas and sentence boundaries."""
+        tokens = [
+            {"start": 0.0, "end": 0.4, "text": "First,", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 0.4, "end": 0.8, "text": "she", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 0.8, "end": 1.2, "text": "said,", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 1.2, "end": 1.25, "text": '"', "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 1.25, "end": 1.6, "text": "wait.", "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 1.6, "end": 1.65, "text": '"', "whitespace": ""},
+        ]
+        entries = []
+        process_subtitle_tokens(
+            tokens, entries, max_subtitle_words=50, subtitle_mode="Sentence + Comma",
+            language=Language.EN_US, use_spacy_segmentation=False
+        )
+        assert len(entries) >= 2
+        assert "First," in entries[0][2]
+
+    def test_karaoke_highlighting_with_quotes(self):
+        """Sentence + Highlighting generates valid karaoke tags with quotes."""
+        tokens = [
+            {"start": 0.0, "end": 0.05, "text": '"', "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 0.05, "end": 0.5, "text": "Hello", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 0.5, "end": 0.9, "text": "world.", "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 0.9, "end": 0.95, "text": '"', "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 0.95, "end": 1.4, "text": "She", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 1.4, "end": 1.8, "text": "said.", "whitespace": ""},
+        ]
+        entries = []
+        process_subtitle_tokens(
+            tokens, entries, max_subtitle_words=50, subtitle_mode="Sentence + Highlighting",
+            language=Language.EN_US, use_spacy_segmentation=False
+        )
+        assert len(entries) == 2
+        assert '{\\kf' in entries[0][2]
+        assert '{\\kf' in entries[1][2]
+        assert '"' in entries[0][2]
+
+    def test_word_count_mode_with_quotes(self):
+        """N-words mode (e.g. '3 words') groups tokens by space count."""
+        tokens = [
+            {"start": 0.0, "end": 0.3, "text": "One", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 0.3, "end": 0.35, "text": '"', "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 0.35, "end": 0.7, "text": "two", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 0.7, "end": 1.0, "text": "three", "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 1.0, "end": 1.05, "text": '"', "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 1.05, "end": 1.4, "text": "four", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 1.4, "end": 1.8, "text": "five", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 1.8, "end": 2.2, "text": "six.", "whitespace": ""},
+        ]
+        entries = []
+        process_subtitle_tokens(
+            tokens, entries, max_subtitle_words=50, subtitle_mode="3",
+            language=Language.EN_US, use_spacy_segmentation=False
+        )
+        assert len(entries) == 2
+        assert entries[0][2] == 'One "two three"'
+        assert entries[1][2] == "four five six."
+
+
+class TestSupertonicAndFakeTokenSubtitles:
+    """Tests using Supertonic / non-English Kokoro FakeTokens (segment-level stubs)."""
+
+    def test_faketoken_multi_sentence_regex_split(self):
+        """A single FakeToken containing multiple sentences should split proportionally."""
+        tokens = [
+            {
+                "start": 0.0,
+                "end": 6.0,
+                "text": 'First sentence. "Second quoted sentence." Third sentence.',
+                "whitespace": "",
+            }
+        ]
+        entries = []
+        process_subtitle_tokens(
+            tokens, entries, max_subtitle_words=50, subtitle_mode="Sentence",
+            language=Language.ES, use_spacy_segmentation=False
+        )
+        assert len(entries) == 3
+        assert entries[0][2] == "First sentence."
+        assert entries[1][2] == '"Second quoted sentence."'
+        assert entries[2][2] == "Third sentence."
+        assert entries[0][0] == 0.0
+        assert entries[2][1] == 6.0
+
+    def test_faketoken_multi_sentence_spacy_split(self):
+        """A single FakeToken in English with spaCy should split into separate sentences."""
+        tokens = [
+            {
+                "start": 0.0,
+                "end": 6.0,
+                "text": 'The sun rose high. "Are you ready?" she asked. "Always," he replied.',
+                "whitespace": "",
+            }
+        ]
+        entries = []
+        process_subtitle_tokens(
+            tokens, entries, max_subtitle_words=50, subtitle_mode="Sentence",
+            language=Language.EN_US, use_spacy_segmentation=True
+        )
+        assert len(entries) >= 2
+        assert entries[0][0] == 0.0
+        assert entries[-1][1] == 6.0
+        for e in entries:
+            assert not e[2].startswith('" ')
+
+    def test_faketoken_single_sentence_with_quotes(self):
+        """Single sentence FakeToken preserves quotes cleanly."""
+        tokens = [
+            {
+                "start": 1.0,
+                "end": 3.5,
+                "text": '"This is a single quoted thought."',
+                "whitespace": "",
+            }
+        ]
+        entries = []
+        process_subtitle_tokens(
+            tokens, entries, max_subtitle_words=50, subtitle_mode="Sentence",
+            language=Language.FR, use_spacy_segmentation=False
+        )
+        assert len(entries) == 1
+        assert entries[0][2] == '"This is a single quoted thought."'
+        assert entries[0][0] == 1.0
+        assert entries[0][1] == 3.5
+
+    def test_line_mode_with_faketokens(self):
+        """Line mode emits one subtitle per line / segment."""
+        tokens = [
+            {"start": 0.0, "end": 2.0, "text": 'Line 1 with "quotes"', "whitespace": "\n"},
+            {"start": 2.0, "end": 4.0, "text": 'Line 2 with "more quotes"', "whitespace": ""},
+        ]
+        entries = []
+        process_subtitle_tokens(
+            tokens, entries, max_subtitle_words=50, subtitle_mode="Line",
+            language=Language.EN_US, use_spacy_segmentation=False
+        )
+        assert len(entries) == 2
+        assert entries[0][2] == 'Line 1 with "quotes"'
+        assert entries[1][2] == 'Line 2 with "more quotes"'
+
+
+class TestComplexParagraphsAndEdgeCases:
+    """Tests for paragraphs, multiple newlines, and unusual punctuation combinations."""
+
+    def test_paragraph_multi_line_token_flow(self):
+        """Text spanning paragraphs with multiple sentences."""
+        tokens = [
+            {"start": 0.0, "end": 0.5, "text": "Paragraph", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 0.5, "end": 1.0, "text": "one.", "whitespace": "\n\n"},
+            {"start": 1.0, "end": 1.5, "text": "Paragraph", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 1.5, "end": 2.0, "text": "two.", "whitespace": ""},
+        ]
+        entries = []
+        process_subtitle_tokens(
+            tokens, entries, max_subtitle_words=50, subtitle_mode="Sentence",
+            language=Language.EN_US, use_spacy_segmentation=False
+        )
+        assert len(entries) == 2
+        assert entries[0][2] == "Paragraph one."
+        assert entries[1][2] == "Paragraph two."
+
+    def test_nested_quotes_and_parentheses(self):
+        """Sentence with nested quotes and parentheses: He said, "(Wait) 'now'!" """
+        tokens = [
+            {"start": 0.0, "end": 0.3, "text": "He", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 0.3, "end": 0.6, "text": "said,", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 0.6, "end": 0.65, "text": '"', "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 0.65, "end": 0.7, "text": "(", "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 0.7, "end": 1.0, "text": "Wait", "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 1.0, "end": 1.05, "text": ")", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 1.05, "end": 1.1, "text": "'", "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 1.1, "end": 1.4, "text": "now", "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 1.4, "end": 1.45, "text": "'!", "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 1.45, "end": 1.5, "text": '"', "whitespace": ""},
+        ]
+        entries = []
+        process_subtitle_tokens(
+            tokens, entries, max_subtitle_words=50, subtitle_mode="Sentence",
+            language=Language.EN_US, use_spacy_segmentation=False
+        )
+        assert len(entries) == 1
+        assert entries[0][2] == 'He said, "(Wait) \'now\'!"'
+
+    def test_trailing_quotes_and_ellipsis(self):
+        """Sentence ending with ellipsis and quote: "I wonder..." """
+        tokens = [
+            {"start": 0.0, "end": 0.05, "text": '"', "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 0.05, "end": 0.3, "text": "I", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 0.3, "end": 0.8, "text": "wonder...", "whitespace": ""},
+            {"start": 0.8, "end": 0.85, "text": '"', "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 0.85, "end": 1.2, "text": "he", "whitespace": " "},
+            {"start": 1.2, "end": 1.6, "text": "mused.", "whitespace": ""},
+        ]
+        entries = []
+        process_subtitle_tokens(
+            tokens, entries, max_subtitle_words=50, subtitle_mode="Sentence",
+            language=Language.EN_US, use_spacy_segmentation=False
+        )
+        assert len(entries) == 2
+        assert entries[0][2] == '"I wonder..."'
+        assert entries[1][2] == "he mused."
+
+
+class TestEllipsisAndParagraphBreaks:
+    """Regression: '...' sentences merged into one entry; '\\n\\n' flattened.
+
+    spaCy does not treat ellipsis as a sentence boundary, so
+    'Lorem ipsum... Lorem...' stayed a single subtitle entry. And
+    _cleanup_spacing collapsed paragraph breaks before TTS.
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _tok(text_ws, dur=0.5):
+        toks, t = [], 0.0
+        for text, ws in text_ws:
+            toks.append({"start": t, "end": t + dur, "text": text, "whitespace": ws})
+            t += dur
+        return toks, t
+
+    def test_spacy_splits_ellipsis_sentences(self):
+        # Kokoro-style tokens: '...' arrives as 3 dot tokens.
+        toks, end = self._tok([
+            ("Test", ""), (".", " "), ("Lorem", " "), ("ipsum", ""),
+            (".", ""), (".", ""), (".", " "),
+            ("Lorem", ""), (".", ""), (".", ""), (".", ""),
+        ])
+        entries = []
+        process_subtitle_tokens(
+            toks, entries, max_subtitle_words=50, subtitle_mode="Sentence",
+            language=Language.EN_US, use_spacy_segmentation=True,
+            fallback_end_time=end,
+        )
+        assert [e[2] for e in entries] == ["Test.", "Lorem ipsum...", "Lorem..."]
+
+    def test_spacy_keeps_abbreviations_intact(self):
+        toks, end = self._tok([
+            ("Mr.", " "), ("Smith", " "), ("went", " "), ("home", ""),
+            (".", " "), ("He", " "), ("slept", ""), (".", ""),
+        ])
+        entries = []
+        process_subtitle_tokens(
+            toks, entries, max_subtitle_words=50, subtitle_mode="Sentence",
+            language=Language.EN_US, use_spacy_segmentation=True,
+            fallback_end_time=end,
+        )
+        assert [e[2] for e in entries] == ["Mr. Smith went home.", "He slept."]
+
+    def test_spacy_splits_faketoken_ellipsis(self):
+        entries = []
+        process_subtitle_tokens(
+            [{"start": 0.0, "end": 3.0,
+              "text": "Lorem ipsum... Lorem... Lorem...", "whitespace": ""}],
+            entries, max_subtitle_words=50, subtitle_mode="Sentence",
+            language=Language.EN_US, use_spacy_segmentation=True,
+            fallback_end_time=3.0,
+        )
+        assert [e[2] for e in entries] == ["Lorem ipsum...", "Lorem...", "Lorem..."]

tests/test_subtitle_writer.py

@@ -177,6 +177,19 @@ class TestAssWriter:
         assert "Highlight" in content
         assert r"{\k100}" in content
 
+    def test_highlight_mode_preserves_existing_karaoke_tags(self, tmp_path):
+        path = tmp_path / "test.ass"
+        config = SubtitleConfig(
+            format=SubtitleFormat.ASS,
+            mode=SubtitleMode.SENTENCE_HIGHLIGHT,
+        )
+        writer = AssWriter(path, config)
+        writer.write_entry(start=0.0, end=1.0, text=r"{\kf20}Hello {\kf20}world.")
+        writer.close()
+        content = path.read_text()
+        assert r"{\kf20}Hello {\kf20}world." in content
+        assert r"{\k100}" not in content
+
     def test_centered_alignment(self, tmp_path):
         path = tmp_path / "test.ass"
         config = SubtitleConfig(
@@ -243,6 +256,12 @@ class TestCreateSubtitleWriter:
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             create_subtitle_writer(path, "xyz", "Line")
 
+    def test_word_count_mode(self, tmp_path):
+        path = tmp_path / "test.srt"
+        writer = create_subtitle_writer(path, "srt", "5 words", max_words=5)
+        assert isinstance(writer, SrtWriter)
+        writer.close()
+
 
 # ===================================================================
 # Context manager