Update README.md to include Supertonic TTS in PyQt6 Desktop GUI features - Supertonic 3 support

Fixes #163

.gitattributes

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-*.py text eol=lf
-*.md text eol=lf
-*.yml text eol=lf
-*.yaml text eol=lf
-*.toml text eol=lf
-*.json text eol=lf
-*.txt text eol=lf
-*.html text eol=lf
-*.css text eol=lf
-*.js text eol=lf
-*.sh text eol=lf
-*.cfg text eol=lf
-*.ini text eol=lf
-*.svg text eol=lf
-*.j2 text eol=lf

.github/workflows/test_pip.yml

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-name: CI
+name: pip install
-run-name: CI
+run-name: pip install
-
 on: 
   push:
-    branches: [main]
     paths:
       - '**.py'
       - 'pyproject.toml'
@@ -13,41 +11,23 @@ on:
       - 'pyproject.toml'
       - '.github/workflows/**'
   workflow_dispatch:
-
 jobs:
-  test:
+  install-and-run:
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-14, windows-latest]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
         python-version: ['3.12']
       fail-fast: false
+    continue-on-error: true
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-
+      - name: Install from repository
-      - name: Install uv
+        run: python -m pip install .
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v8.3.1
+      #- name: Run abogen
-        with:
+      #  run: abogen
-          enable-cache: true
-          prune-cache: false
-          cache-dependency-glob: pyproject.toml
-
-      - name: Install system dependencies (Ubuntu)
-        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-        run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y libegl1
-
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: uv pip install --system .[dev]
-        env:
-          UV_LINK_MODE: copy
-
-      - name: Run tests
-        env:
-          QT_QPA_PLATFORM: offscreen
-        run: pytest tests/ -v --tb=short

.github/workflows/test_publish.yml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
     - name: Login to Github Container Registry
       # Only if we need to push an image

README.md

@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ This method handles everything automatically - installing all dependencies inclu
 #### <b>OPTION 2: Install using uv</b>
 First, [install uv](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/getting-started/installation/) if you haven't already.
 
+The CUDA extras install both GPU-accelerated Kokoro (via PyTorch) and Supertonic (via onnxruntime-gpu).
+
 ```bash
 # For NVIDIA GPUs (CUDA 12.8) - Recommended
 uv tool install --python 3.12 abogen[cuda] --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu128 --index-strategy unsafe-best-match
@@ -65,6 +67,9 @@ venv\Scripts\activate
 # We need to use an older version of PyTorch (2.8.0) until this issue is fixed: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/166628
 pip install torch==2.8.0+cu128 torchvision==0.23.0+cu128 torchaudio==2.8.0 --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu128
 
+# Also install onnxruntime-gpu for Supertonic GPU acceleration:
+pip install onnxruntime-gpu
+
 # For AMD GPUs:
 # Not supported yet, because ROCm is not available on Windows. Use Linux if you have AMD GPU.
 
@@ -173,7 +178,7 @@ Abogen offers **two interfaces**, but currently they have different feature sets
 
 | Command | Interface | Features |
 |---------|-----------|----------|
-| `abogen` | PyQt6 Desktop GUI | Stable core features |
+| `abogen` | PyQt6 Desktop GUI | Stable core features + **Supertonic TTS**|
 | `abogen-web` | Flask Web UI | Core features + **Supertonic TTS**, **LLM Normalization**, **Audiobookshelf Integration** and more! |
 
 > **Note:** The Web UI is under active development. We are working to integrate these new features into the PyQt desktop app. until then, the Web UI provides the most feature-rich experience.
@@ -407,18 +412,18 @@ When Audiobookshelf sits behind Nginx Proxy Manager (NPM), make sure the API pat
 1. Create a **Proxy Host** that points to your ABS container or host (default forward port `13378`).
 2. Under the **SSL** tab, enable your certificate and tick **Force SSL** if you want HTTPS only.
 3. In the **Advanced** tab, append the snippet below so bearer tokens, client IPs, and large uploads survive the proxy hop:
-   ```nginx
+```nginx
-  proxy_set_header Host $host;
+proxy_set_header Host $host;
-  proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
+proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
-  proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
+proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
-  proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
+proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
-  proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
+proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
-  proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port;
+proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port;
-  proxy_set_header Authorization $http_authorization;
+proxy_set_header Authorization $http_authorization;
-  client_max_body_size 5g;
+client_max_body_size 5g;
-  proxy_read_timeout 300s;
+proxy_read_timeout 300s;
-  proxy_connect_timeout 300s;
+proxy_connect_timeout 300s;
-   ```
+  ```
 4. Disable **Block Common Exploits** (it strips Authorization headers in some NPM builds).
 5. Enable **Websockets Support** on the main proxy screen (Audiobookshelf uses it for the web UI, and it keeps the reverse proxy configuration consistent).
 6. If you publish Audiobookshelf under a path prefix (for example `/abs`), add a **Custom Location** with `Location: /abs/` and set the **Forward Path** to `/`. That rewrite strips the `/abs` prefix before traffic reaches Audiobookshelf so `/abs/api/...` on the internet becomes `/api/...` on the backend. Use the same prefixed URL in Abogen’s “Base URL” field.

WINDOWS_INSTALL.bat

@@ -323,6 +323,13 @@ if /I "%IS_NVIDIA%"=="true" (
             pause
             exit /b
         )
+        echo Installing onnxruntime-gpu for Supertonic GPU acceleration...
+        %PYTHON_CONSOLE_PATH% -m uv pip install --system onnxruntime-gpu
+        if errorlevel 1 (
+            echo Failed to install onnxruntime-gpu.
+            pause
+            exit /b
+        )
     ) else (
         echo CUDA is available on NVIDIA GPU.
     )
@@ -348,6 +355,13 @@ if /I "%IS_NVIDIA%"=="true" (
             pause
             exit /b
         )
+        echo Installing onnxruntime-gpu for Supertonic GPU acceleration...
+        %PYTHON_CONSOLE_PATH% -m uv pip install --system onnxruntime-gpu
+        if errorlevel 1 (
+            echo Failed to install onnxruntime-gpu.
+            pause
+            exit /b
+        )
     )
 )
 

abogen/constants.py

@@ -29,6 +29,57 @@ LANGUAGE_DESCRIPTIONS = {
     "z": "Mandarin Chinese",
 }
 
+# Mapping from Kokoro single-letter language codes to ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes
+# Used for loading flag icons
+KOKORO_LANG_TO_COUNTRY = {
+    "a": "us",  # American English -> United States
+    "b": "gb",  # British English -> United Kingdom
+    "e": "es",  # Spanish -> Spain
+    "f": "fr",  # French -> France
+    "h": "in",  # Hindi -> India
+    "i": "it",  # Italian -> Italy
+    "j": "jp",  # Japanese -> Japan
+    "p": "br",  # Brazilian Portuguese -> Brazil
+    "z": "cn",  # Mandarin Chinese -> China
+}
+
+# Mapping from Supertonic ISO 639-1 language codes to ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes
+# Used for loading flag icons in the Supertonic language picker
+SUPERTONIC_LANG_TO_COUNTRY = {
+    "en": "gb",
+    "ko": "kr",
+    "ja": "jp",
+    "ar": "ae",
+    "bg": "bg",
+    "cs": "cz",
+    "da": "dk",
+    "de": "de",
+    "el": "gr",
+    "es": "es",
+    "et": "ee",
+    "fi": "fi",
+    "fr": "fr",
+    "hi": "in",
+    "hr": "hr",
+    "hu": "hu",
+    "id": "id",
+    "it": "it",
+    "lt": "lt",
+    "lv": "lv",
+    "nl": "nl",
+    "pl": "pl",
+    "pt": "pt",
+    "ro": "ro",
+    "ru": "ru",
+    "sk": "sk",
+    "sl": "si",
+    "sv": "se",
+    "tr": "tr",
+    "uk": "ua",
+    "vi": "vn",
+    "na": "na",
+}
+
 # Supported sound formats
 SUPPORTED_SOUND_FORMATS = [
     "wav",
@@ -63,6 +114,64 @@ SUPPORTED_INPUT_FORMATS = [
 # 384 if self.lang_code in 'ab':
 SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES_FOR_SUBTITLE_GENERATION = list(LANGUAGE_DESCRIPTIONS.keys())
 
+# Voice and sample text constants
+VOICES_INTERNAL = [
+    "af_alloy",
+    "af_aoede",
+    "af_bella",
+    "af_heart",
+    "af_jessica",
+    "af_kore",
+    "af_nicole",
+    "af_nova",
+    "af_river",
+    "af_sarah",
+    "af_sky",
+    "am_adam",
+    "am_echo",
+    "am_eric",
+    "am_fenrir",
+    "am_liam",
+    "am_michael",
+    "am_onyx",
+    "am_puck",
+    "am_santa",
+    "bf_alice",
+    "bf_emma",
+    "bf_isabella",
+    "bf_lily",
+    "bm_daniel",
+    "bm_fable",
+    "bm_george",
+    "bm_lewis",
+    "ef_dora",
+    "em_alex",
+    "em_santa",
+    "ff_siwis",
+    "hf_alpha",
+    "hf_beta",
+    "hm_omega",
+    "hm_psi",
+    "if_sara",
+    "im_nicola",
+    "jf_alpha",
+    "jf_gongitsune",
+    "jf_nezumi",
+    "jf_tebukuro",
+    "jm_kumo",
+    "pf_dora",
+    "pm_alex",
+    "pm_santa",
+    "zf_xiaobei",
+    "zf_xiaoni",
+    "zf_xiaoxiao",
+    "zf_xiaoyi",
+    "zm_yunjian",
+    "zm_yunxi",
+    "zm_yunxia",
+    "zm_yunyang",
+]
+
 # Voice and sample text mapping
 SAMPLE_VOICE_TEXTS = {
     "a": "This is a sample of the selected voice.",

abogen/main.py

@@ -2,14 +2,13 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import atexit
 import os
 import platform
+import signal
+import sys
 
-# Initialise global shutdown handling (atexit, signals, Qt) as early as possible.
+from abogen.utils import load_config, prevent_sleep_end
-from abogen import shutdown  # noqa: F401
-shutdown.register_shutdown()
-
-from abogen.utils import load_config
 from abogen.webui.app import main as _run_web_ui
 
 # Configure Hugging Face Hub behaviour (mirrors legacy GUI defaults).
@@ -28,6 +27,17 @@ os.environ.setdefault("MIOPEN_CONV_PRECISE_ROCM_TUNING", "0")
 if platform.system() == "Darwin" and platform.processor() == "arm":
     os.environ.setdefault("PYTORCH_ENABLE_MPS_FALLBACK", "1")
 
+atexit.register(prevent_sleep_end)
+
+
+def _cleanup_sleep(signum, _frame):
+    prevent_sleep_end()
+    sys.exit(0)
+
+
+signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, _cleanup_sleep)
+signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, _cleanup_sleep)
+
 
 def main() -> None:
     """Launch the Flask-based web UI."""

abogen/predownload_gui.py

@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ from PyQt6.QtWidgets import (
 )
 from PyQt6.QtCore import QThread, pyqtSignal
 
-from abogen.constants import COLORS
+from abogen.constants import COLORS, VOICES_INTERNAL
-from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import get_voices
 from abogen.spacy_utils import SPACY_MODELS
 import abogen.hf_tracker
 
@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ class PreDownloadWorker(QThread):
             self._voices_success = False
             return
 
-        voice_list = get_voices("kokoro")
+        voice_list = VOICES_INTERNAL
         for idx, voice in enumerate(voice_list, start=1):
             if self._cancelled:
                 self._voices_success = False
@@ -463,14 +462,14 @@ class PreDownloadDialog(QDialog):
         try:
             from huggingface_hub import try_to_load_from_cache
 
-            for voice in get_voices("kokoro"):
+            for voice in VOICES_INTERNAL:
                 if not try_to_load_from_cache(
                     repo_id="hexgrad/Kokoro-82M", filename=f"voices/{voice}.pt"
                 ):
                     missing.append(voice)
         except Exception:
             # If HF missing, report all as missing
-            return False, list(get_voices("kokoro"))
+            return False, list(VOICES_INTERNAL)
         return (len(missing) == 0), missing
 
     def _check_kokoro_model(self) -> bool:

abogen/pyqt/conversion.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import hashlib  # For generating unique cache filenames
 from platformdirs import user_desktop_dir
 from PyQt6.QtCore import QThread, pyqtSignal, Qt, QTimer
 from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QCheckBox, QVBoxLayout, QDialog, QLabel, QDialogButtonBox
-import numpy as np
 import soundfile as sf
 from abogen.utils import (
     create_process,
@@ -21,6 +20,7 @@ from abogen.constants import (
     SUPPORTED_SOUND_FORMATS,
     SUPPORTED_SUBTITLE_FORMATS,
 )
+from abogen.tts_supertonic import SupertonicPipeline, SUPERTONIC_AVAILABLE_LANGS, DEFAULT_SUPERTONIC_VOICES
 from abogen.voice_formulas import get_new_voice
 import abogen.hf_tracker as hf_tracker
 import static_ffmpeg
@@ -260,21 +260,30 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
         output_folder,
         subtitle_mode,
         output_format,
-        backend,
+        np_module,
+        kpipeline_class,
         start_time,
         total_char_count,
         use_gpu=True,
         from_queue=False,
         save_base_path=None,
-    ):  # Add use_gpu parameter
+        tts_provider="kokoro",
+        supertonic_language="en",
+        supertonic_total_steps=8,
+    ):
         super().__init__()
         self._chapter_options_event = threading.Event()
         self._timestamp_response_event = threading.Event()
-        self.backend = backend
+        self.np = np_module
+        self.KPipeline = kpipeline_class
         self.file_name = file_name
         self.lang_code = lang_code
         self.speed = speed
         self.voice = voice
+        self.tts_provider = tts_provider
+        self.supertonic_language = supertonic_language
+        self.supertonic_total_steps = supertonic_total_steps
+        self.sample_rate = 44100 if tts_provider == "supertonic" else 24000
         self.save_option = save_option
         self.output_folder = output_folder
         self.subtitle_mode = subtitle_mode
@@ -426,6 +435,10 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
             )
             self.log_updated.emit(f"- Voice: {self.voice}")
             self.log_updated.emit(f"- Speed: {self.speed}")
+            tts_provider_label = self.tts_provider.capitalize()
+            if self.tts_provider == "supertonic":
+                tts_provider_label += f" (lang={self.supertonic_language}, steps={self.supertonic_total_steps})"
+            self.log_updated.emit(f"- TTS Engine: {tts_provider_label}")
             self.log_updated.emit(f"- Subtitle mode: {self.subtitle_mode}")
             self.log_updated.emit(f"- Output format: {self.output_format}")
             self.log_updated.emit(
@@ -489,6 +502,26 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
 
             self.log_updated.emit(("\nInitializing TTS pipeline...", "grey"))
 
+            # Set device based on use_gpu setting and platform
+            if self.use_gpu:
+                if platform.system() == "Darwin" and platform.processor() == "arm":
+                    device = "mps"  # Use MPS for Apple Silicon
+                else:
+                    device = "cuda"  # Use CUDA for other platforms
+            else:
+                device = "cpu"
+
+            if self.tts_provider == "supertonic":
+                tts = SupertonicPipeline(
+                    sample_rate=self.sample_rate,
+                    lang=self.supertonic_language,
+                    total_steps=self.supertonic_total_steps,
+                )
+            else:
+                tts = self.KPipeline(
+                    lang_code=self.lang_code, repo_id="hexgrad/Kokoro-82M", device=device
+                )
+
             # Check if the input is a subtitle file or timestamp text file
             is_subtitle_file = False
             is_timestamp_text = False
@@ -524,7 +557,7 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
 
             # Process subtitle files separately
             if is_subtitle_file or is_timestamp_text:
-                self._process_subtitle_file(self.backend, base_path, is_timestamp_text)
+                self._process_subtitle_file(tts, base_path, is_timestamp_text)
                 return
 
             if self.is_direct_text:
@@ -733,7 +766,7 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                 merged_out_path = f"{base_filepath_no_ext}.{self.output_format}"
                 subtitle_entries = []
                 current_time = 0.0
-                rate = 24000
+                rate = self.sample_rate
                 subtitle_mode = self.subtitle_mode
                 self.etr_start_time = time.time()
                 self.processed_char_count = 0
@@ -749,7 +782,7 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                     merged_out_file = sf.SoundFile(
                         merged_out_path,
                         "w",
-                        samplerate=24000,
+                        samplerate=self.sample_rate,
                         channels=1,
                         format=self.output_format,
                     )
@@ -765,62 +798,18 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                     # Prepare ffmpeg command for m4b output
                     cmd = [
                         "ffmpeg",
-                        "-y",
+                            "-y",
-                        "-thread_queue_size",
+                            "-thread_queue_size",
-                        "32768",
+                            "32768",
-                        "-f",
+                            "-f",
-                        "f32le",
+                            "f32le",
-                        "-ar",
+                            "-ar",
-                        "24000",
+                            str(self.sample_rate),
-                        "-ac",
+                            "-ac",
-                        "1",
+                            "1",
-                        "-i",
+                            "-i",
-                        "pipe:0",
+                            "pipe:0",
-                    ]
-                    if cover_path and os.path.exists(cover_path):
-                        cmd.extend(
-                            [
-                                "-i",
-                                cover_path,
-                                "-map",
-                                "0:a",
-                                "-map",
-                                "1",
-                                "-c:v",
-                                "copy",
-                                "-disposition:v",
-                                "attached_pic",
-                            ]
-                        )
-                    cmd.extend(
-                        [
-                            "-c:a",
-                            "aac",
-                            "-q:a",
-                            "2",
-                            "-movflags",
-                            "+faststart+use_metadata_tags",
                         ]
-                    )
-                    cmd += metadata_options
-                    cmd.append(merged_out_path)
-                    ffmpeg_proc = create_process(cmd, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, text=False)
-                elif self.output_format == "opus":
-                    static_ffmpeg.add_paths()
-                    cmd = [
-                        "ffmpeg",
-                        "-y",
-                        "-thread_queue_size",
-                        "32768",
-                        "-f",
-                        "f32le",
-                        "-ar",
-                        "24000",
-                        "-ac",
-                        "1",
-                        "-i",
-                        "pipe:0",
-                    ]
                     cmd.extend(["-c:a", "libopus", "-b:a", "24000"])
                     cmd.append(merged_out_path)
                     ffmpeg_proc = create_process(cmd, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, text=False)
@@ -902,7 +891,7 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                 merged_out_path = None
                 subtitle_entries = []
                 current_time = 0.0
-                rate = 24000
+                rate = self.sample_rate
                 subtitle_mode = self.subtitle_mode
                 self.etr_start_time = time.time()
                 self.processed_char_count = 0
@@ -955,7 +944,7 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                         chapter_out_file = sf.SoundFile(
                             chapter_out_path,
                             "w",
-                            samplerate=24000,
+                            samplerate=self.sample_rate,
                             channels=1,
                             format=separate_chapters_format,
                         )
@@ -970,7 +959,7 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                             "-f",
                             "f32le",
                             "-ar",
-                            "24000",
+                            str(self.sample_rate),
                             "-ac",
                             "1",
                             "-i",
@@ -1057,7 +1046,7 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                 for segment_idx, (voice_name, segment_text) in enumerate(voice_segments):
                     # Load voice for this segment (with caching)
                     try:
-                        loaded_voice = self.load_voice_cached(voice_name, self.backend)
+                        loaded_voice = self.load_voice_cached(voice_name, tts)
                         if segment_idx > 0:
                             voice_display = voice_name if len(voice_name) < 50 else voice_name[:47] + "..."
                             self.log_updated.emit((f"  → Voice: {voice_display}", "grey"))
@@ -1066,7 +1055,7 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                             (f"⚠ Voice loading error for '{voice_name}', continuing with previous", "orange")
                         )
                         if segment_idx == 0:
-                            loaded_voice = self.load_voice_cached(self.voice, self.backend)
+                            loaded_voice = self.load_voice_cached(self.voice, tts)
 
                     # Determine if spaCy segmentation should be used for PRE-TTS segmentation
                     # Only non-English languages use spaCy for pre-segmentation
@@ -1152,7 +1141,7 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                         print("Using split pattern: (unprintable)")
 
                     for text_segment in text_segments:
-                        for result in self.backend(
+                        for result in tts(
                             text_segment,
                             voice=loaded_voice,
                             speed=self.speed,
@@ -1352,9 +1341,9 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                 # Add silence between chapters for merged output (except after the last chapter)
                 if merge_chapters_at_end and chapter_idx < total_chapters:
                     silence_samples = int(
-                        self.silence_duration * 24000
+                        self.silence_duration * self.sample_rate
                     )  # Silence duration at 24,000 Hz
-                    silence_audio = np.zeros(silence_samples, dtype="float32")
+                    silence_audio = self.np.zeros(silence_samples, dtype="float32")
                     silence_bytes = silence_audio.tobytes()
 
                     if merged_out_file:
@@ -1583,7 +1572,7 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                 parent_dir, f"{sanitized_base_name}{suffix}"
             )
             merged_out_path = f"{base_filepath_no_ext}.{self.output_format}"
-            rate = 24000
+            rate = self.sample_rate
 
             # Setup audio output
             merged_out_file, ffmpeg_proc = None, None
@@ -1693,7 +1682,7 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
             max_end_time = max(
                 (end for _, end, _ in subtitles if end is not None), default=0
             )
-            audio_buffer = np.zeros(
+            audio_buffer = self.np.zeros(
                 int(max_end_time * rate) + rate, dtype="float32"
             )
 
@@ -1757,7 +1746,7 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                 # Generate TTS audio
                 tts_results = [
                     r
-                    for r in self.backend(
+                    for r in tts(
                         processed_text,
                         voice=loaded_voice,
                         speed=self.speed,
@@ -1775,11 +1764,11 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
 
                 # Concatenate audio and determine duration
                 full_audio = (
-                    np.concatenate(
+                    self.np.concatenate(
                         [a.numpy() if hasattr(a, "numpy") else a for a in audio_chunks]
                     )
                     if audio_chunks
-                    else np.zeros(
+                    else self.np.zeros(
                         int((subtitle_duration or 0) * rate), dtype="float32"
                     )
                 )
@@ -1813,8 +1802,8 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                         num_stages = max(
                             1,
                             int(
-                                np.ceil(
+                                self.np.ceil(
-                                    np.log(speed_factor) / np.log(2.0)
+                                    self.np.log(speed_factor) / self.np.log(2.0)
                                 )
                             ),
                         )
@@ -1847,7 +1836,7 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                         )
-                        full_audio = np.frombuffer(
+                        full_audio = self.np.frombuffer(
                             speed_proc.communicate(input=full_audio.tobytes())[0],
                             dtype="float32",
                         )
@@ -1861,7 +1850,7 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
 
                         tts_results = [
                             r
-                            for r in self.backend(
+                            for r in tts(
                                 processed_text,
                                 voice=loaded_voice,
                                 speed=new_speed,
@@ -1872,14 +1861,14 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                         audio_chunks = [r.audio for r in tts_results]
 
                         full_audio = (
-                            np.concatenate(
+                            self.np.concatenate(
                                 [
                                     a.numpy() if hasattr(a, "numpy") else a
                                     for a in audio_chunks
                                 ]
                             )
                             if audio_chunks
-                            else np.zeros(
+                            else self.np.zeros(
                                 int(subtitle_duration * rate), dtype="float32"
                             )
                         )
@@ -1896,10 +1885,10 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                 # Pad or trim to subtitle duration
                 target_samples = int(subtitle_duration * rate)
                 if len(full_audio) < target_samples:
-                    full_audio = np.concatenate(
+                    full_audio = self.np.concatenate(
                         [
                             full_audio,
-                            np.zeros(
+                            self.np.zeros(
                                 target_samples - len(full_audio), dtype="float32"
                             ),
                         ]
@@ -1912,10 +1901,10 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                 end_sample = start_sample + len(full_audio)
                 if end_sample > len(audio_buffer):
                     # Extend buffer if needed
-                    audio_buffer = np.concatenate(
+                    audio_buffer = self.np.concatenate(
                         [
                             audio_buffer,
-                            np.zeros(
+                            self.np.zeros(
                                 end_sample - len(audio_buffer), dtype="float32"
                             ),
                         ]
@@ -1957,7 +1946,7 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
                 self.progress_updated.emit(percent, etr_str)
 
             # Normalize audio buffer to prevent clipping from mixed overlaps
-            max_amplitude = np.abs(audio_buffer).max()
+            max_amplitude = self.np.abs(audio_buffer).max()
             if max_amplitude > 1.0:
                 self.log_updated.emit(
                     f"\n  -> Normalizing audio (peak: {max_amplitude:.2f})"
@@ -2397,10 +2386,6 @@ class ConversionThread(QThread):
         self.cancel_requested = True
         self.should_cancel = True
         self.waiting_for_user_input = False
-        # Clear voice cache (instance and module-level)
-        self.voice_cache.clear()
-        from abogen.voice_cache import clear_voice_cache
-        clear_voice_cache()
         # Terminate subprocess if running
         if self.process:
             try:
@@ -2430,19 +2415,28 @@ class VoicePreviewThread(QThread):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        backend,
+        np_module,
+        kpipeline_class,
         lang_code,
         voice,
         speed,
         use_gpu=False,
         parent=None,
+        tts_provider="kokoro",
+        supertonic_language="en",
+        supertonic_total_steps=8,
     ):
         super().__init__(parent)
-        self.backend = backend
+        self.np_module = np_module
+        self.kpipeline_class = kpipeline_class
         self.lang_code = lang_code
         self.voice = voice
         self.speed = speed
         self.use_gpu = use_gpu
+        self.tts_provider = tts_provider
+        self.supertonic_language = supertonic_language
+        self.supertonic_total_steps = supertonic_total_steps
+        self.sample_rate = 44100 if tts_provider == "supertonic" else 24000
 
         # Cache location for preview audio
         self.cache_dir = get_user_cache_path("preview_cache")
@@ -2452,6 +2446,11 @@ class VoicePreviewThread(QThread):
 
     def _get_cache_path(self):
         """Generate a unique filename for the voice with its parameters"""
+        if self.tts_provider == "supertonic":
+            voice_id = self.voice or "M1"
+            filename = f"st_{voice_id}_{self.supertonic_language}_steps{self.supertonic_total_steps}_{self.speed:.2f}.wav"
+            return os.path.join(self.cache_dir, filename)
+
         # For a voice formula, use a hash of the formula
         if "*" in self.voice:
             voice_id = (
@@ -2466,27 +2465,56 @@ class VoicePreviewThread(QThread):
 
     def run(self):
         print(
-            f"\nVoice: {self.voice}\nLanguage: {self.lang_code}\nSpeed: {self.speed}\nGPU: {self.use_gpu}\n"
+            f"\nVoice: {self.voice}\nLanguage: {self.lang_code}\nSpeed: {self.speed}\nGPU: {self.use_gpu}\nTTS Provider: {self.tts_provider}\n"
         )
 
         # Generate the preview and save to cache
         try:
+            if self.tts_provider == "supertonic":
+                from abogen.tts_supertonic import SupertonicPipeline
 
-            # Enable voice formula support for preview
+                tts = SupertonicPipeline(
-            if "*" in self.voice:
+                    sample_rate=self.sample_rate,
-                loaded_voice = get_new_voice(self.backend, self.voice, self.use_gpu)
+                    lang=self.supertonic_language,
+                    total_steps=self.supertonic_total_steps,
+                )
+                loaded_voice = self.voice or "M1"
+                sample_text = "Hello, this is a sample of the selected voice."
+                audio_segments = []
+                for result in tts(
+                    sample_text,
+                    voice=loaded_voice,
+                    speed=self.speed,
+                    split_pattern=None,
+                ):
+                    audio_segments.append(result.audio)
             else:
-                loaded_voice = self.voice
+                # Set device based on use_gpu setting and platform
-            sample_text = get_sample_voice_text(self.lang_code)
+                if self.use_gpu:
-            audio_segments = []
+                    if platform.system() == "Darwin" and platform.processor() == "arm":
-            for result in self.backend(
+                        device = "mps"
-                sample_text, voice=loaded_voice, speed=self.speed, split_pattern=None
+                    else:
-            ):
+                        device = "cuda"
-                audio_segments.append(result.audio)
+                else:
+                    device = "cpu"
+
+                tts = self.kpipeline_class(
+                    lang_code=self.lang_code, repo_id="hexgrad/Kokoro-82M", device=device
+                )
+                if "*" in self.voice:
+                    loaded_voice = get_new_voice(tts, self.voice, self.use_gpu)
+                else:
+                    loaded_voice = self.voice
+                sample_text = get_sample_voice_text(self.lang_code)
+                audio_segments = []
+                for result in tts(
+                    sample_text, voice=loaded_voice, speed=self.speed, split_pattern=None
+                ):
+                    audio_segments.append(result.audio)
+
             if audio_segments:
-                audio = np.concatenate(audio_segments)
+                audio = self.np_module.concatenate(audio_segments)
-                # Save directly to the cache path
+                sf.write(self.cache_path, audio, self.sample_rate)
-                sf.write(self.cache_path, audio, 24000)
                 self.temp_wav = self.cache_path
             self.finished.emit()
         except Exception as e:

abogen/pyqt/gui.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from abogen.pyqt.queue_manager_gui import QueueManager
 from abogen.pyqt.queued_item import QueuedItem
 import abogen.hf_tracker as hf_tracker
 import hashlib  # Added for cache path generation
+from abogen.tts_supertonic import SUPERTONIC_AVAILABLE_LANGS, DEFAULT_SUPERTONIC_VOICES
 from PyQt6.QtWidgets import (
     QApplication,
     QWidget,
@@ -82,11 +83,13 @@ from abogen.constants import (
     GITHUB_URL,
     PROGRAM_DESCRIPTION,
     LANGUAGE_DESCRIPTIONS,
+    VOICES_INTERNAL,
+    KOKORO_LANG_TO_COUNTRY,
+    SUPERTONIC_LANG_TO_COUNTRY,
     SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES_FOR_SUBTITLE_GENERATION,
     COLORS,
     SUBTITLE_FORMATS,
 )
-from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import get_voices
 import threading
 from abogen.pyqt.voice_formula_gui import VoiceFormulaDialog
 from abogen.voice_profiles import load_profiles
@@ -970,6 +973,9 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
         self.fix_nonstandard_punctuation = self.config.get(
             "fix_nonstandard_punctuation", False
         )
+        self.tts_provider_config = self.config.get("tts_provider", "kokoro")
+        self.supertonic_language_config = self.config.get("supertonic_language", "en")
+        self.supertonic_total_steps_config = self.config.get("supertonic_total_steps", 8)
         self._pending_close_event = None
         self.gpu_ok = False  # Initialize GPU availability status
 
@@ -1018,6 +1024,16 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
                 else:
                     self.mixed_voice_state = entry
                     self.selected_lang = entry[0][0] if entry and entry[0] else None
+        # Restore TTS provider and supertonic settings from config
+        provider_text = "Supertonic" if self.tts_provider_config == "supertonic" else "Kokoro"
+        idx_st = self.provider_combo.findText(provider_text)
+        if idx_st >= 0:
+            self.provider_combo.setCurrentIndex(idx_st)
+        self.st_lang_combo.setCurrentText(self.supertonic_language_config)
+        idx_steps = self.st_steps_combo.findData(self.supertonic_total_steps_config)
+        if idx_steps >= 0:
+            self.st_steps_combo.setCurrentIndex(idx_steps)
+
         if self.save_option == "Choose output folder" and self.selected_output_folder:
             self.save_path_label.setText(self.selected_output_folder)
             self.save_path_row_widget.show()
@@ -1107,6 +1123,53 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
         speed_layout.addWidget(self.speed_label)
         controls_layout.addLayout(speed_layout)
         self.speed_slider.valueChanged.connect(self.update_speed_label)
+
+        # TTS Provider selection
+        provider_layout = QHBoxLayout()
+        provider_layout.setSpacing(7)
+        provider_label = QLabel("TTS Engine:", self)
+        provider_layout.addWidget(provider_label)
+        self.provider_combo = QComboBox(self)
+        self.provider_combo.addItem("Kokoro", "kokoro")
+        self.provider_combo.addItem("Supertonic", "supertonic")
+        self.provider_combo.setStyleSheet("QComboBox { min-height: 20px; padding: 6px 12px; }")
+        self.provider_combo.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.on_provider_changed)
+        provider_layout.addWidget(self.provider_combo)
+        controls_layout.addLayout(provider_layout)
+
+        # Supertonic-specific controls (language + steps), hidden by default
+        self.supertonic_row = QWidget()
+        supertonic_row_layout = QHBoxLayout(self.supertonic_row)
+        supertonic_row_layout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
+        supertonic_row_layout.setSpacing(7)
+
+        st_lang_label = QLabel("Language:", self)
+        supertonic_row_layout.addWidget(st_lang_label)
+        self.st_lang_combo = QComboBox(self)
+        for code in SUPERTONIC_AVAILABLE_LANGS:
+            country_code = SUPERTONIC_LANG_TO_COUNTRY.get(code, code)
+            flag = get_resource_path("abogen.assets.flags", f"{country_code}.png")
+            icon_st = QIcon(flag) if flag and os.path.exists(flag) else QIcon()
+            self.st_lang_combo.addItem(icon_st, code, code)
+        self.st_lang_combo.setCurrentText("en")
+        self.st_lang_combo.setStyleSheet("QComboBox { min-height: 20px; padding: 6px 12px; }")
+        self.st_lang_combo.currentTextChanged.connect(self._on_st_lang_changed)
+        supertonic_row_layout.addWidget(self.st_lang_combo)
+
+        st_steps_label = QLabel("Steps:", self)
+        supertonic_row_layout.addWidget(st_steps_label)
+        self.st_steps_combo = QComboBox(self)
+        for val in range(2, 16):
+            self.st_steps_combo.addItem(str(val), val)
+        self.st_steps_combo.setCurrentIndex(self.st_steps_combo.findData(8))
+        self.st_steps_combo.setStyleSheet("QComboBox { min-height: 20px; padding: 6px 12px; }")
+        self.st_steps_combo.currentIndexChanged.connect(self._on_st_steps_changed)
+        supertonic_row_layout.addWidget(self.st_steps_combo)
+
+        supertonic_row_layout.addStretch()
+        self.supertonic_row.hide()
+        controls_layout.addWidget(self.supertonic_row)
+
         # Voice selection
         voice_layout = QHBoxLayout()
         voice_layout.setSpacing(7)
@@ -1764,6 +1827,12 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
         Update the enabled state of subtitle options based on the selected language.
         For non-English languages, only sentence-based and line-based modes are supported.
         """
+        provider = self.provider_combo.currentData()
+        if provider == "supertonic":
+            self.subtitle_combo.setEnabled(False)
+            self.subtitle_format_combo.setEnabled(False)
+            return
+
         # Check if current file is a subtitle file
         is_subtitle_input = False
         if self.selected_file and self.selected_file.lower().endswith(
@@ -1823,6 +1892,48 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
         # Enable/disable subtitle options based on language
         self.update_subtitle_options_availability()
 
+    def on_provider_changed(self, index):
+        provider = self.provider_combo.itemData(index)
+        self.config["tts_provider"] = provider
+        save_config(self.config)
+        is_supertonic = provider == "supertonic"
+
+        # Show/hide Supertonic controls
+        self.supertonic_row.setVisible(is_supertonic)
+
+        # Update subtitles availability
+        self.update_subtitle_options_availability()
+
+        # Repopulate voice list
+        self.populate_profiles_in_voice_combo()
+
+        # Clear/reset mixed voice state when switching provider
+        if is_supertonic:
+            self.mixed_voice_state = None
+            self.btn_voice_formula_mixer.setEnabled(False)
+            self.voice_combo.setToolTip(
+                "Supertonic voices:\n"
+                "M1-M5 = Male voices\n"
+                "F1-F5 = Female voices"
+            )
+        else:
+            self.btn_voice_formula_mixer.setEnabled(True)
+            self.voice_combo.setToolTip(
+                "The first character represents the language:\n"
+                '"a" => American English\n"b" => British English\n"e" => Spanish\n"f" => French\n"h" => Hindi\n"i" => Italian\n"j" => Japanese\n"p" => Brazilian Portuguese\n"z" => Mandarin Chinese\nThe second character represents the gender:\n"m" => Male\n"f" => Female'
+            )
+
+    def _on_st_lang_changed(self, lang):
+        self.config["supertonic_language"] = lang
+        save_config(self.config)
+        if self.provider_combo.currentData() == "supertonic":
+            self.selected_lang = lang
+            self.update_subtitle_options_availability()
+
+    def _on_st_steps_changed(self):
+        self.config["supertonic_total_steps"] = self.st_steps_combo.currentData()
+        save_config(self.config)
+
     def on_voice_combo_changed(self, index):
         data = self.voice_combo.itemData(index)
         if isinstance(data, str) and data.startswith("profile:"):
@@ -1831,10 +1942,26 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
             from abogen.voice_profiles import load_profiles
 
             entry = load_profiles().get(pname, {})
-            # set mixed voices and language
             if isinstance(entry, dict):
-                self.mixed_voice_state = entry.get("voices", [])
+                entry_provider = str(entry.get("provider", "")).strip().lower()
-                self.selected_lang = entry.get("language")
+                if entry_provider == "supertonic":
+                    # Switch provider to Supertonic if not already
+                    if self.provider_combo.currentData() != "supertonic":
+                        self.provider_combo.setCurrentIndex(1)
+                    self.mixed_voice_state = None
+                    self.selected_lang = entry.get("language", self.st_lang_combo.currentText())
+                    # Sync supertonic controls from profile
+                    profile_steps = entry.get("total_steps")
+                    if profile_steps is not None:
+                        idx_steps = self.st_steps_combo.findData(int(profile_steps))
+                        if idx_steps >= 0:
+                            self.st_steps_combo.setCurrentIndex(idx_steps)
+                    profile_lang = entry.get("language")
+                    if profile_lang and profile_lang in SUPERTONIC_AVAILABLE_LANGS:
+                        self.st_lang_combo.setCurrentText(profile_lang)
+                else:
+                    self.mixed_voice_state = entry.get("voices", [])
+                    self.selected_lang = entry.get("language")
             else:
                 self.mixed_voice_state = entry
                 self.selected_lang = entry[0][0] if entry and entry[0] else None
@@ -1847,7 +1974,12 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
         else:
             self.mixed_voice_state = None
             self.selected_profile_name = None
-            self.selected_voice, self.selected_lang = data, data[0]
+            self.selected_voice = data
+            provider = self.provider_combo.currentData()
+            if provider == "supertonic":
+                self.selected_lang = self.st_lang_combo.currentText()
+            else:
+                self.selected_lang = data[0] if data else ""
             self.config["selected_voice"] = data
             if "selected_profile_name" in self.config:
                 del self.config["selected_profile_name"]
@@ -1866,19 +1998,40 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
     def populate_profiles_in_voice_combo(self):
         # preserve current voice or profile
         current = self.voice_combo.currentData()
+        provider = self.provider_combo.currentData()
         self.voice_combo.blockSignals(True)
         self.voice_combo.clear()
-        # re-add profiles
+        # re-add profiles matching current provider
         profile_icon = QIcon(get_resource_path("abogen.assets", "profile.png"))
-        for pname in load_profiles().keys():
+        for pname, entry in load_profiles().items():
-            self.voice_combo.addItem(profile_icon, pname, f"profile:{pname}")
+            entry_provider = ""
+            if isinstance(entry, dict):
+                entry_provider = str(entry.get("provider", "")).strip().lower()
+            if provider == "supertonic":
+                if entry_provider == "supertonic":
+                    self.voice_combo.addItem(profile_icon, pname, f"profile:{pname}")
+            else:
+                if entry_provider != "supertonic":
+                    self.voice_combo.addItem(profile_icon, pname, f"profile:{pname}")
         # re-add voices
-        for v in get_voices("kokoro"):
+        if provider == "supertonic":
-            icon = QIcon()
+            for v in DEFAULT_SUPERTONIC_VOICES:
-            flag_path = get_resource_path("abogen.assets.flags", f"{v[0]}.png")
+                icon = QIcon()
-            if flag_path and os.path.exists(flag_path):
+                if v.startswith("F"):
-                icon = QIcon(flag_path)
+                    icon_path = get_resource_path("abogen.assets", "female.png")
-            self.voice_combo.addItem(icon, f"{v}", v)
+                else:
+                    icon_path = get_resource_path("abogen.assets", "male.png")
+                if icon_path and os.path.exists(icon_path):
+                    icon = QIcon(icon_path)
+                self.voice_combo.addItem(icon, f"{v}", v)
+        else:
+            for v in VOICES_INTERNAL:
+                icon = QIcon()
+                country_code = KOKORO_LANG_TO_COUNTRY.get(v[0], v[0])
+                flag_path = get_resource_path("abogen.assets.flags", f"{country_code}.png")
+                if flag_path and os.path.exists(flag_path):
+                    icon = QIcon(flag_path)
+                self.voice_combo.addItem(icon, f"{v}", v)
         # restore selection
         idx = -1
         if self.selected_profile_name:
@@ -2069,6 +2222,9 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
             save_base_path=save_base_path,
             save_chapters_separately=getattr(self, "save_chapters_separately", None),
             merge_chapters_at_end=getattr(self, "merge_chapters_at_end", None),
+            tts_provider=self.provider_combo.currentData(),
+            supertonic_language=self.st_lang_combo.currentText(),
+            supertonic_total_steps=self.st_steps_combo.currentData(),
         )
 
         # Prevent adding duplicate items to the queue
@@ -2212,6 +2368,15 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
                 self.config["replace_numerals"] = self.replace_numerals
                 self.config["fix_nonstandard_punctuation"] = self.fix_nonstandard_punctuation
 
+                # TTS provider settings
+                tts_provider = getattr(queued_item, "tts_provider", "kokoro")
+                self.provider_combo.setCurrentText("Supertonic" if tts_provider == "supertonic" else "Kokoro")
+                self.st_lang_combo.setCurrentText(getattr(queued_item, "supertonic_language", "en"))
+                steps_val = getattr(queued_item, "supertonic_total_steps", 8)
+                idx_steps = self.st_steps_combo.findData(steps_val)
+                if idx_steps >= 0:
+                    self.st_steps_combo.setCurrentIndex(idx_steps)
+
                 # Sync Voice/Profile in config
                 self.config["selected_voice"] = self.selected_voice
                 if "selected_profile_name" in self.config:
@@ -2234,6 +2399,8 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
             self.current_queue_index = 0  # Reset for next time
 
     def get_voice_formula(self) -> str:
+        if self.provider_combo.currentData() == "supertonic":
+            return self._get_supertonic_voice()
         if self.mixed_voice_state:
             formula_components = [
                 f"{name}*{weight}" for name, weight in self.mixed_voice_state
@@ -2243,6 +2410,8 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
             return self.selected_voice
 
     def get_selected_lang(self, voice_formula) -> str:
+        if self.provider_combo.currentData() == "supertonic":
+            return self.st_lang_combo.currentText()
         if self.selected_profile_name:
             from abogen.voice_profiles import load_profiles
 
@@ -2316,9 +2485,9 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
             file_size_str = "Unknown"
 
         # pipeline_loaded_callback remains unchanged
-        def pipeline_loaded_callback(backend, error):
+        def pipeline_loaded_callback(np_module, kpipeline_class, error):
             if error:
-                self.update_log((f"Error loading TTS backend: {error}", "red"))
+                self.update_log((f"Error loading numpy or KPipeline: {error}", "red"))
                 prevent_sleep_end()
                 return
 
@@ -2332,6 +2501,10 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
             # determine selected language: use profile setting if profile selected, else voice code
             selected_lang = self.get_selected_lang(voice_formula)
 
+            tts_provider = self.provider_combo.currentData()
+            supertonic_language = self.st_lang_combo.currentText()
+            supertonic_total_steps = self.st_steps_combo.currentData()
+
             self.conversion_thread = ConversionThread(
                 self.selected_file,
                 selected_lang,
@@ -2341,13 +2514,17 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
                 self.selected_output_folder,
                 subtitle_mode=actual_subtitle_mode,
                 output_format=self.selected_format,
-                backend=backend,
+                np_module=np_module,
+                kpipeline_class=kpipeline_class,
                 start_time=self.start_time,
                 total_char_count=self.char_count,
                 use_gpu=self.gpu_ok,
                 from_queue=from_queue,
-                save_base_path=self.displayed_file_path,  # Pass the save base path (original file for EPUB)
+                save_base_path=self.displayed_file_path,
-            )  # Use gpu_ok status
+                tts_provider=tts_provider,
+                supertonic_language=supertonic_language,
+                supertonic_total_steps=supertonic_total_steps,
+            )
             # Pass the displayed file path to the log_updated signal handler in ConversionThread
             self.conversion_thread.display_path = display_path
             # Pass the file size string
@@ -2424,22 +2601,15 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
             # Store gpu_ok status to use when creating the conversion thread
             self.gpu_ok = gpu_ok
             self.update_log((gpu_msg, gpu_ok))
-            self.update_log("Loading modules...")
+            tts_provider = self.provider_combo.currentData()
-
+            if tts_provider == "supertonic":
-            # Determine device based on GPU availability
+                # Supertonic doesn't need KPipeline, call callback directly
-            if gpu_ok:
+                import numpy as np
-                if platform.system() == "Darwin" and platform.processor() == "arm":
+                pipeline_loaded_callback(np, None, None)
-                    device = "mps"
-                else:
-                    device = "cuda"
             else:
-                device = "cpu"
+                self.update_log("Loading modules...")
-
+                load_thread = LoadPipelineThread(pipeline_loaded_callback)
-            lang_code = self.selected_lang or "a"
+                load_thread.start()
-            load_thread = LoadPipelineThread(
-                pipeline_loaded_callback, lang_code=lang_code, device=device
-            )
-            load_thread.start()
 
         threading.Thread(target=gpu_and_load, daemon=True).start()
 
@@ -2752,9 +2922,32 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
                 "Open File Error", f"Could not open file:\n{e}"
             )
 
+    def _get_supertonic_voice(self) -> str:
+        """Resolve the effective Supertonic voice from the current combo selection."""
+        if self.selected_profile_name:
+            from abogen.voice_profiles import load_profiles
+            entry = load_profiles().get(self.selected_profile_name, {})
+            if isinstance(entry, dict):
+                return str(entry.get("voice", "M1"))
+            return "M1"
+        current_data = self.voice_combo.currentData()
+        if current_data and isinstance(current_data, str) and not current_data.startswith("profile:"):
+            return current_data
+        return "M1"
+
     def _get_preview_cache_path(self):
         """Generate the expected cache path for the current voice settings."""
         speed = self.speed_slider.value() / 100.0
+        provider = self.provider_combo.currentData()
+
+        if provider == "supertonic":
+            voice_to_cache = self._get_supertonic_voice()
+            lang_to_cache = self.st_lang_combo.currentText()
+            steps = self.st_steps_combo.currentData()
+            cache_dir = get_user_cache_path("preview_cache")
+            filename = f"st_{voice_to_cache}_{lang_to_cache}_steps{steps}_{speed:.2f}.wav"
+            return os.path.join(cache_dir, filename)
+
         voice_to_cache = ""
         lang_to_cache = ""
 
@@ -2859,6 +3052,13 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
         self.btn_voice_formula_mixer.setEnabled(False)  # Disable mixer button
         self.btn_start.setEnabled(False)  # Disable start button during preview
 
+        # For Supertonic, skip KPipeline loading and use SupertonicPipeline directly
+        if self.provider_combo.currentData() == "supertonic":
+            import numpy as np
+            self.loading_movie.start()
+            self._on_pipeline_loaded_for_preview(np, None, None)
+            return
+
         # Start loading animation - ensure signal connection is always active
         if hasattr(self, "loading_movie"):
             # Disconnect previous connections to avoid multiple connections
@@ -2875,27 +3075,18 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
             )
             self.loading_movie.start()
 
-        # Determine device based on GPU availability
+        def pipeline_loaded_callback(np_module, kpipeline_class, error):
-        if self.gpu_ok:
+            self._on_pipeline_loaded_for_preview(np_module, kpipeline_class, error)
-            if platform.system() == "Darwin" and platform.processor() == "arm":
-                device = "mps"
-            else:
-                device = "cuda"
-        else:
-            device = "cpu"
 
-        lang = self.selected_lang or "a"
+        load_thread = LoadPipelineThread(pipeline_loaded_callback)
-        load_thread = LoadPipelineThread(
-            self._on_pipeline_loaded_for_preview, lang_code=lang, device=device
-        )
         load_thread.start()
 
-    def _on_pipeline_loaded_for_preview(self, backend, error):
+    def _on_pipeline_loaded_for_preview(self, np_module, kpipeline_class, error):
         # stop loading animation and restore icon on error
         if error:
             self.loading_movie.stop()
             self._show_error_message_box(
-                "Loading Error", f"Error loading TTS backend: {error}"
+                "Loading Error", f"Error loading numpy or KPipeline: {error}"
             )
             self.btn_preview.setIcon(self.play_icon)
             self.btn_preview.setEnabled(True)
@@ -2926,14 +3117,28 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
                     else None
                 )
         else:
-            lang = self.selected_voice[0]
+            if self.provider_combo.currentData() == "supertonic":
-            voice = self.selected_voice
+                voice = self._get_supertonic_voice()
+            else:
+                voice = self.selected_voice or ""
+
+        tts_provider = self.provider_combo.currentData()
+        supertonic_language = self.st_lang_combo.currentText()
+        supertonic_total_steps = self.st_steps_combo.currentData()
+
+        if tts_provider == "supertonic":
+            lang = supertonic_language
+        else:
+            lang = self.selected_voice[0] if self.selected_voice else ""
 
         # use same gpu/cpu logic as in conversion
         gpu_msg, gpu_ok = get_gpu_acceleration(self.use_gpu)
 
         self.preview_thread = VoicePreviewThread(
-            backend, lang, voice, speed, gpu_ok
+            np_module, kpipeline_class, lang, voice, speed, gpu_ok,
+            tts_provider=tts_provider,
+            supertonic_language=supertonic_language,
+            supertonic_total_steps=supertonic_total_steps,
         )
         self.preview_thread.finished.connect(self._play_preview_audio)
         self.preview_thread.error.connect(self._preview_error)
@@ -3236,16 +3441,12 @@ class abogen(QWidget):
             )
             box.setDefaultButton(QMessageBox.StandardButton.No)
             if box.exec() == QMessageBox.StandardButton.Yes:
-                from abogen import shutdown
-                shutdown.request_shutdown()
                 self.cleanup_conversion_thread()
                 self.cleanup_preview_threads()
                 event.accept()
             else:
                 event.ignore()
         else:
-            from abogen import shutdown
-            shutdown.request_shutdown()
             self.cleanup_conversion_thread()
             self.cleanup_preview_threads()
             event.accept()

abogen/pyqt/main.py

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import os
 import sys
 import platform
+import atexit
+import signal
+from abogen.utils import get_resource_path, load_config, prevent_sleep_end
 
-# Initialise global shutdown handling (atexit, signals, Qt) as early as possible.
-from abogen import shutdown  # noqa: F401
-shutdown.register_shutdown()
 
 # Fix PyTorch DLL loading issue ([WinError 1114]) on Windows before importing PyQt6
 if platform.system() == "Windows":
@@ -94,7 +94,6 @@ os.environ["HF_HUB_DISABLE_TELEMETRY"] = "1"  # Disable Hugging Face telemetry
 os.environ["HF_HUB_ETAG_TIMEOUT"] = "10"  # Metadata request timeout (seconds)
 os.environ["HF_HUB_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT"] = "10"  # File download timeout (seconds)
 os.environ["HF_HUB_DISABLE_SYMLINKS_WARNING"] = "1"  # Disable symlinks warning
-from abogen.utils import load_config
 if load_config().get("disable_kokoro_internet", False):
     print("INFO: Kokoro's internet access is disabled.")
     os.environ["HF_HUB_OFFLINE"] = "1"  # Disable Hugging Face Hub internet access
@@ -106,6 +105,25 @@ from abogen.constants import PROGRAM_NAME, VERSION
 os.environ["MIOPEN_FIND_MODE"] = "FAST"
 os.environ["MIOPEN_CONV_PRECISE_ROCM_TUNING"] = "0"
 
+# Reset sleep states
+atexit.register(prevent_sleep_end)
+
+
+# Also handle signals (Ctrl+C, kill, etc.)
+def _cleanup_sleep(signum, frame):
+    prevent_sleep_end()
+    sys.exit(0)
+
+
+signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, _cleanup_sleep)
+signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, _cleanup_sleep)
+
+# Ensure sys.stdout and sys.stderr are valid in GUI mode
+if sys.stdout is None:
+    sys.stdout = open(os.devnull, "w")
+if sys.stderr is None:
+    sys.stderr = open(os.devnull, "w")
+
 # Enable MPS GPU acceleration on Mac Apple Silicon
 if platform.system() == "Darwin" and platform.processor() == "arm":
     os.environ["PYTORCH_ENABLE_MPS_FALLBACK"] = "1"

abogen/pyqt/predownload_gui.py

@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ from PyQt6.QtWidgets import (
 )
 from PyQt6.QtCore import QThread, pyqtSignal
 
-from abogen.constants import COLORS
+from abogen.constants import COLORS, VOICES_INTERNAL
-from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import get_voices
 from abogen.spacy_utils import SPACY_MODELS
 import abogen.hf_tracker
 
@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ class PreDownloadWorker(QThread):
             self._voices_success = False
             return
 
-        voice_list = get_voices("kokoro")
+        voice_list = VOICES_INTERNAL
         for idx, voice in enumerate(voice_list, start=1):
             if self._cancelled:
                 self._voices_success = False
@@ -463,14 +462,14 @@ class PreDownloadDialog(QDialog):
         try:
             from huggingface_hub import try_to_load_from_cache
 
-            for voice in get_voices("kokoro"):
+            for voice in VOICES_INTERNAL:
                 if not try_to_load_from_cache(
                     repo_id="hexgrad/Kokoro-82M", filename=f"voices/{voice}.pt"
                 ):
                     missing.append(voice)
         except Exception:
             # If HF missing, report all as missing
-            return False, list(get_voices("kokoro"))
+            return False, list(VOICES_INTERNAL)
         return (len(missing) == 0), missing
 
     def _check_kokoro_model(self) -> bool:

abogen/pyqt/queued_item.py

@@ -26,3 +26,7 @@ class QueuedItem:
     replace_all_caps: bool = False
     replace_numerals: bool = False
     fix_nonstandard_punctuation: bool = False
+    # TTS Provider fields
+    tts_provider: str = "kokoro"
+    supertonic_language: str = "en"
+    supertonic_total_steps: int = 8

abogen/pyqt/voice_formula_gui.py

@@ -28,11 +28,12 @@ from PyQt6.QtWidgets import (
 from PyQt6.QtCore import Qt, QTimer, QPoint, QRect, QSize
 from PyQt6.QtGui import QPixmap, QIcon, QAction
 from abogen.constants import (
+    VOICES_INTERNAL,
     SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES_FOR_SUBTITLE_GENERATION,
     LANGUAGE_DESCRIPTIONS,
+    KOKORO_LANG_TO_COUNTRY,
     COLORS,
 )
-from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import get_voices
 import re
 import platform
 from abogen.utils import get_resource_path
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ class VoiceMixer(QWidget):
         layout.addWidget(QLabel(name), alignment=Qt.AlignmentFlag.AlignCenter)
 
         # Voice name label with gender icon
-        is_female = self.voice_name in get_voices("kokoro") and self.voice_name[1] == "f"
+        is_female = self.voice_name in VOICES_INTERNAL and self.voice_name[1] == "f"
 
         # Icons layout (flag and gender)
         icons_layout = QHBoxLayout()
@@ -189,8 +190,9 @@ class VoiceMixer(QWidget):
         )  # Center the icons horizontally
 
         # Flag icon
+        country_code = KOKORO_LANG_TO_COUNTRY.get(language_code, language_code)
         flag_icon_path = get_resource_path(
-            "abogen.assets.flags", f"{language_code}.png"
+            "abogen.assets.flags", f"{country_code}.png"
         )
         gender_icon_path = get_resource_path(
             "abogen.assets", "female.png" if is_female else "male.png"
@@ -512,7 +514,8 @@ class VoiceFormulaDialog(QDialog):
         header_row.addWidget(QLabel("Language:"))
         self.language_combo = QComboBox()
         for code, desc in LANGUAGE_OPTIONS:
-            flag = get_resource_path("abogen.assets.flags", f"{code}.png")
+            country_code = KOKORO_LANG_TO_COUNTRY.get(code, code)
+            flag = get_resource_path("abogen.assets.flags", f"{country_code}.png")
             if flag and os.path.exists(flag):
                 self.language_combo.addItem(QIcon(flag), desc, code)
             else:
@@ -772,7 +775,7 @@ class VoiceFormulaDialog(QDialog):
 
     def add_voices(self, initial_state):
         first_enabled_voice = None
-        for voice in get_voices("kokoro"):
+        for voice in VOICES_INTERNAL:
             language_code = voice[0]  # First character is the language code
             matching_voice = next(
                 (item for item in initial_state if item[0] == voice), None

abogen/shutdown.py

@@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
-"""Graceful shutdown - single module, no over-engineering."""
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import atexit
-import gc
-import signal
-import sys
-from typing import Callable
-
-_CLEANUP_FUNCS: list[Callable[[], None]] = []
-_EXECUTED = False
-
-
-def register_cleanup(fn: Callable[[], None]) -> None:
-    """Register a cleanup function to run on shutdown."""
-    _CLEANUP_FUNCS.append(fn)
-
-
-def _run_cleanups() -> None:
-    global _EXECUTED
-    if _EXECUTED:
-        return
-    _EXECUTED = True
-    for fn in _CLEANUP_FUNCS:
-        try:
-            fn()
-        except Exception:
-            pass
-
-
-# ---- Register built-in cleanup functions ----
-
-# 1. Restore sleep prevention
-def _restore_sleep() -> None:
-    try:
-        from abogen.utils import prevent_sleep_end
-        prevent_sleep_end()
-    except Exception:
-        pass
-
-register_cleanup(_restore_sleep)
-
-# 2. Shutdown web UI ConversionService
-def _shutdown_conversion_service() -> None:
-    try:
-        from abogen.webui.service import get_service
-        svc = get_service()
-        if svc is not None:
-            svc.shutdown()
-    except Exception:
-        pass
-
-register_cleanup(_shutdown_conversion_service)
-
-# 3. Clear TTS pipelines and GPU memory
-def _cleanup_tts_pipelines() -> None:
-    # Clear web UI pipeline cache
-    try:
-        from abogen.webui.conversion_runner import _PIPELINES
-        _PIPELINES.clear()
-    except Exception:
-        pass
-
-    # Clear PyQt conversion thread voice cache
-    try:
-        from abogen.pyqt.conversion import ConversionThread
-        if hasattr(ConversionThread, "voice_cache"):
-            ConversionThread.voice_cache.clear()
-    except Exception:
-        pass
-
-    gc.collect()
-
-    # Release CUDA cache
-    try:
-        import torch
-        if torch.cuda.is_available():
-            torch.cuda.empty_cache()
-            torch.cuda.ipc_collect()
-    except Exception:
-        pass
-
-register_cleanup(_cleanup_tts_pipelines)
-
-# 4. Clear global voice cache
-def _clear_voice_cache() -> None:
-    try:
-        from abogen.voice_cache import clear_voice_cache
-        clear_voice_cache()
-    except Exception:
-        pass
-
-register_cleanup(_clear_voice_cache)
-
-# 5. Terminate child processes (ffmpeg, etc.)
-def _terminate_subprocesses() -> None:
-    try:
-        import psutil
-    except Exception:
-        return
-
-    try:
-        current = psutil.Process()
-        for child in current.children(recursive=True):
-            try:
-                child.terminate()
-            except Exception:
-                pass
-        gone, alive = psutil.wait_procs(current.children(recursive=True), timeout=3)
-        for proc in alive:
-            try:
-                proc.kill()
-            except Exception:
-                pass
-    except Exception:
-        pass
-
-register_cleanup(_terminate_subprocesses)
-
-
-def register_shutdown() -> None:
-    """Install process-wide shutdown hooks (atexit, signals, Qt)."""
-    if register_shutdown._registered:
-        return
-    register_shutdown._registered = True
-
-    atexit.register(_run_cleanups)
-
-    # POSIX signals
-    for sig in (signal.SIGINT, signal.SIGTERM):
-        try:
-            signal.signal(sig, _on_signal)
-        except Exception:
-            pass
-
-    # Qt hook
-    try:
-        from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication
-
-        app = QApplication.instance()
-        if app is not None:
-            app.aboutToQuit.connect(_run_cleanups)
-    except Exception:
-        pass
-
-
-register_shutdown._registered = False
-
-
-def _on_signal(signum: int, _frame) -> None:
-    _run_cleanups()
-    sys.exit(0)
-
-
-def request_shutdown() -> None:
-    """Programmatically trigger cleanup (e.g., from GUI closeEvent)."""
-    _run_cleanups()
-
-
-__all__ = ["register_shutdown", "request_shutdown", "register_cleanup"]

abogen/subtitle_utils.py

@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ def sanitize_name_for_os(name, is_folder=True):
 
 
 def validate_voice_name(voice_name):
-    """Validate voice name against available voices (case-insensitive).
+    """Validate voice name against VOICES_INTERNAL list (case-insensitive).
     Handles both single voices and formulas like 'af_heart*0.5 + am_echo*0.5'.
 
     Args:
@@ -477,10 +477,10 @@ def validate_voice_name(voice_name):
             - is_valid: True if all voices in the name/formula are valid
             - invalid_voice_name: The first invalid voice found, or None if all valid
     """
-    from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import get_voices
+    from abogen.constants import VOICES_INTERNAL
 
     # Create case-insensitive lookup set (done once per call)
-    voice_lookup_lower = {v.lower() for v in get_voices("kokoro")}
+    voice_lookup_lower = {v.lower() for v in VOICES_INTERNAL}
     voice_name = voice_name.strip()
 
     # Check if it's a formula (contains *)
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ def split_text_by_voice_markers(text, default_voice):
     """Split text by voice markers, returning list of (voice, text) tuples.
 
     IMPORTANT: Returns the last voice used so it can persist across chapters.
-    Voice names are normalized to lowercase to match canonical voice names.
+    Voice names are normalized to lowercase to match VOICES_INTERNAL.
 
     Args:
         text: Text potentially containing <<VOICE:name>> markers
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ def split_text_by_voice_markers(text, default_voice):
             - valid_count: Number of valid voice markers processed
             - invalid_count: Number of invalid voice markers skipped
     """
-    from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import get_voices
+    from abogen.constants import VOICES_INTERNAL
 
     voice_splits = list(_VOICE_MARKER_SEARCH_PATTERN.finditer(text))
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ def split_text_by_voice_markers(text, default_voice):
                         # Find the canonical (lowercase) voice name
                         voice_part_lower = voice_part.strip().lower()
                         canonical_voice = next(
-                            (v for v in get_voices("kokoro") if v.lower() == voice_part_lower),
+                            (v for v in VOICES_INTERNAL if v.lower() == voice_part_lower),
                             voice_part.strip()
                         )
                         normalized_parts.append(f"{canonical_voice}*{weight.strip()}")
@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ def split_text_by_voice_markers(text, default_voice):
                 # Find the canonical (lowercase) voice name
                 voice_name_lower = voice_name.lower()
                 current_voice = next(
-                    (v for v in get_voices("kokoro") if v.lower() == voice_name_lower),
+                    (v for v in VOICES_INTERNAL if v.lower() == voice_name_lower),
                     voice_name
                 )
             valid_markers += 1

abogen/tts_plugin/__init__.py

@@ -1,170 +0,0 @@
-"""TTS Plugin Architecture - Public API.
-
-This package defines the frozen Plugin API for the TTS Plugin Architecture.
-All public interfaces are fully defined but contain no business logic.
-
-Public modules:
-- types: Core domain value objects (AudioFormat, Duration, VoiceSelection, etc.)
-- errors: Error hierarchy (EngineError and subtypes)
-- manifest: Plugin manifest types (PluginManifest, EngineManifest, etc.)
-- engine: Engine and EngineSession protocols
-- capabilities: Optional capability interfaces (VoiceLister, PreviewGenerator, etc.)
-- host_context: HostContext dataclass
-- plugin: Plugin contract (create_engine function signature)
-- loader: Plugin discovery and loading
-- plugin_manager: Plugin management and engine creation
-- utils: Direct utility functions (get_voices, create_pipeline, etc.)
-
-Usage:
-    from abogen.tts_plugin import (
-        # Types
-        AudioFormat,
-        Duration,
-        VoiceSelection,
-        ParameterValues,
-        SynthesisRequest,
-        SynthesizedAudio,
-        EngineConfig,
-        # Errors
-        EngineError,
-        ModelNotFoundError,
-        ModelLoadError,
-        NetworkError,
-        InvalidInputError,
-        ConfigurationError,
-        CancelledError,
-        InternalError,
-        # Manifest
-        PluginManifest,
-        EngineManifest,
-        VoiceSourceManifest,
-        VoiceManifest,
-        ParameterManifest,
-        AudioFormatManifest,
-        EnumOption,
-        RequirementManifest,
-        GpuRequirement,
-        ModelManifest,
-        # Engine
-        Engine,
-        EngineSession,
-        # Capabilities
-        VoiceLister,
-        PreviewGenerator,
-        StreamingSynthesizer,
-        CancelableSession,
-        # Host Context
-        HostContext,
-        HttpClient,
-        # Plugin Manager
-        get_plugin_manager,
-        reset_plugin_manager,
-        # Utils
-        get_voices,
-        get_default_voice,
-        is_plugin_registered,
-        resolve_voice_to_plugin,
-        create_pipeline,
-    )
-"""
-
-from abogen.tts_plugin.capabilities import (
-    CancelableSession,
-    PreviewGenerator,
-    StreamingSynthesizer,
-    VoiceLister,
-)
-from abogen.tts_plugin.engine import Engine, EngineSession
-from abogen.tts_plugin.errors import (
-    CancelledError,
-    ConfigurationError,
-    EngineError,
-    InternalError,
-    InvalidInputError,
-    ModelLoadError,
-    ModelNotFoundError,
-    NetworkError,
-)
-from abogen.tts_plugin.host_context import HttpClient, HostContext
-from abogen.tts_plugin.manifest import (
-    AudioFormatManifest,
-    EngineManifest,
-    EnumOption,
-    GpuRequirement,
-    ModelManifest,
-    ParameterManifest,
-    PluginManifest,
-    RequirementManifest,
-    VoiceManifest,
-    VoiceSourceManifest,
-)
-from abogen.tts_plugin.types import (
-    AudioFormat,
-    Duration,
-    EngineConfig,
-    ParameterValues,
-    SynthesisRequest,
-    SynthesizedAudio,
-    VoiceSelection,
-)
-
-# Plugin Manager and Utils
-from abogen.tts_plugin.plugin_manager import get_plugin_manager, reset_plugin_manager
-from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import (
-    create_pipeline,
-    get_default_voice,
-    get_voices,
-    is_plugin_registered,
-    resolve_voice_to_plugin,
-)
-
-__all__ = [
-    # Types
-    "AudioFormat",
-    "Duration",
-    "VoiceSelection",
-    "ParameterValues",
-    "SynthesisRequest",
-    "SynthesizedAudio",
-    "EngineConfig",
-    # Errors
-    "EngineError",
-    "ModelNotFoundError",
-    "ModelLoadError",
-    "NetworkError",
-    "InvalidInputError",
-    "ConfigurationError",
-    "CancelledError",
-    "InternalError",
-    # Manifest
-    "PluginManifest",
-    "EngineManifest",
-    "VoiceSourceManifest",
-    "VoiceManifest",
-    "ParameterManifest",
-    "AudioFormatManifest",
-    "EnumOption",
-    "RequirementManifest",
-    "GpuRequirement",
-    "ModelManifest",
-    # Engine
-    "Engine",
-    "EngineSession",
-    # Capabilities
-    "VoiceLister",
-    "PreviewGenerator",
-    "StreamingSynthesizer",
-    "CancelableSession",
-    # Host Context
-    "HostContext",
-    "HttpClient",
-    # Plugin Manager
-    "get_plugin_manager",
-    "reset_plugin_manager",
-    # Utils
-    "get_voices",
-    "get_default_voice",
-    "is_plugin_registered",
-    "resolve_voice_to_plugin",
-    "create_pipeline",
-]

abogen/tts_plugin/capabilities.py

@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-"""Capability interfaces for the TTS Plugin Architecture.
-
-This module defines optional capability interfaces that engines can implement.
-Capabilities are additive; implementing new capabilities doesn't break old plugins.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from typing import Iterator, Protocol, runtime_checkable
-
-from abogen.tts_plugin.manifest import VoiceManifest
-from abogen.tts_plugin.types import SynthesisRequest, SynthesizedAudio, VoiceSelection
-
-
-@runtime_checkable
-class VoiceLister(Protocol):
-    """Protocol for listing available voices.
-
-    Engines that support voice listing should implement this interface.
-    """
-
-    def listVoices(self, sourceId: str) -> list[VoiceManifest]:
-        """List available voices for a given source.
-
-        Args:
-            sourceId: The voice source identifier.
-
-        Returns:
-            List of VoiceManifest describing available voices.
-
-        Raises:
-            EngineError: On failure.
-        """
-        ...
-
-
-@runtime_checkable
-class PreviewGenerator(Protocol):
-    """Protocol for generating voice previews.
-
-    Engines that support voice preview should implement this interface.
-    """
-
-    def generatePreview(self, voice: VoiceSelection, text: str) -> SynthesizedAudio:
-        """Generate a preview audio for a voice.
-
-        Args:
-            voice: Voice selection for the preview.
-            text: Text to use for the preview.
-
-        Returns:
-            SynthesizedAudio with the preview audio data.
-
-        Raises:
-            EngineError: On failure.
-        """
-        ...
-
-
-@runtime_checkable
-class StreamingSynthesizer(Protocol):
-    """Protocol for streaming synthesis.
-
-    Optional capability of EngineSession, not Engine.
-    Engines that support streaming synthesis should implement this interface.
-    """
-
-    def synthesizeStream(self, request: SynthesisRequest) -> Iterator[bytes]:
-        """Synthesize audio in streaming mode.
-
-        Args:
-            request: The synthesis request.
-
-        Yields:
-            Audio chunks as they become available.
-
-        Raises:
-            CancelledError: If cancel() is called during iteration.
-            EngineError: On synthesis failure.
-        """
-        ...
-        # This is a generator function; implementation will use yield
-        yield b""  # pragma: no cover
-
-
-@runtime_checkable
-class CancelableSession(Protocol):
-    """Protocol for cancellation support.
-
-    Optional capability for engines that support cancellation.
-    cancel() causes synthesize() to raise CancelledError.
-    """
-
-    def cancel(self) -> None:
-        """Cancel in-progress synthesis.
-
-        After cancellation, synthesize() raises CancelledError.
-        The session remains usable after cancellation.
-
-        Raises:
-            EngineError: If called after dispose().
-        """
-        ...

abogen/tts_plugin/engine.py

@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-"""Engine interfaces for the TTS Plugin Architecture.
-
-This module defines the core Engine and EngineSession protocols.
-These are the primary interfaces that plugin implementations must satisfy.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from typing import Protocol, runtime_checkable
-
-from abogen.tts_plugin.types import SynthesisRequest, SynthesizedAudio
-
-
-@runtime_checkable
-class EngineSession(Protocol):
-    """Protocol for a session that owns mutable execution state.
-
-    An EngineSession is created by Engine.createSession() and owns
-    mutable execution state isolated from other concurrent work.
-    It is NOT thread-safe.
-
-    Lifecycle:
-        1. Created by Engine.createSession()
-        2. Used for synthesis via synthesize()
-        3. Disposed via dispose()
-
-    After dispose(), all methods except dispose() raise EngineError.
-    """
-
-    def synthesize(self, request: SynthesisRequest) -> SynthesizedAudio:
-        """Synthesize audio from text.
-
-        Args:
-            request: The synthesis request containing text, voice, parameters, and format.
-
-        Returns:
-            SynthesizedAudio with the synthesized audio data.
-
-        Raises:
-            EngineError: On synthesis failure. Session remains usable after error.
-            EngineError: If called after dispose().
-        """
-        ...
-
-    def dispose(self) -> None:
-        """Release session resources.
-
-        This method is idempotent and safe to call multiple times.
-        It never raises exceptions (catches and logs internally).
-        After dispose(), all methods except dispose() raise EngineError.
-        """
-        ...
-
-
-@runtime_checkable
-class Engine(Protocol):
-    """Protocol for a TTS engine that creates sessions.
-
-    An Engine is a factory for EngineSession instances. It is stateless
-    and thread-safe for createSession().
-
-    Lifecycle:
-        1. Created via create_engine() (plugin contract)
-        2. Sessions created via createSession()
-        3. Disposed via dispose()
-
-    Thread Safety:
-        - createSession() is thread-safe and can be called from any thread.
-        - dispose() must be called after all sessions are disposed.
-        - Disposing engine while sessions are alive violates API contract.
-    """
-
-    def createSession(self) -> EngineSession:
-        """Create a new session for synthesis.
-
-        Returns:
-            A new EngineSession instance. Ownership transfers to caller.
-
-        Raises:
-            EngineError: On failure. No partially initialized session is returned.
-        """
-        ...
-
-    def dispose(self) -> None:
-        """Release engine resources.
-
-        Caller must ensure all sessions created by this engine are disposed
-        before calling dispose(). Disposing an engine while any session is
-        still alive violates the API contract; behavior is undefined.
-
-        This method is idempotent and safe to call multiple times.
-        It never raises exceptions (catches and logs internally).
-        After dispose(), all methods except dispose() raise EngineError.
-        """
-        ...

abogen/tts_plugin/errors.py

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-"""Error hierarchy for the TTS Plugin Architecture.
-
-This module defines typed exceptions that engines raise.
-Engines should never raise raw exceptions; they must use EngineError or its subtypes.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-
-class EngineError(Exception):
-    """Base exception for all engine errors.
-
-    All engine operations that can fail should raise EngineError or one of its subtypes.
-    After dispose(), all methods except dispose() raise EngineError.
-    """
-
-    pass
-
-
-class ModelNotFoundError(EngineError):
-    """Raised when a required model is not found."""
-
-    pass
-
-
-class ModelLoadError(EngineError):
-    """Raised when a model fails to load."""
-
-    pass
-
-
-class NetworkError(EngineError):
-    """Raised when a network operation fails."""
-
-    pass
-
-
-class InvalidInputError(EngineError):
-    """Raised when invalid input is provided to the engine."""
-
-    pass
-
-
-class ConfigurationError(EngineError):
-    """Raised when there is a configuration error."""
-
-    pass
-
-
-class CancelledError(EngineError):
-    """Raised when an operation is cancelled.
-
-    This is raised by synthesize() when cancel() is called during synthesis.
-    """
-
-    pass
-
-
-class InternalError(EngineError):
-    """Raised when an internal engine error occurs."""
-
-    pass

abogen/tts_plugin/host_context.py

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-"""Host context for the TTS Plugin Architecture.
-
-This module defines the HostContext dataclass that provides minimal
-host services to plugins. It is the only interface through which
-plugins can access host functionality.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import logging
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Protocol, runtime_checkable
-
-
-@runtime_checkable
-class HttpClient(Protocol):
-    """Protocol for HTTP client provided by host.
-
-    Plugins can use this for network requests (e.g., API-based engines).
-    """
-
-    def get(self, url: str, **kwargs: object) -> object:
-        """Perform an HTTP GET request."""
-        ...
-
-    def post(self, url: str, **kwargs: object) -> object:
-        """Perform an HTTP POST request."""
-        ...
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class HostContext:
-    """Minimal host context provided to plugins.
-
-    Contains only essential host services. No business logic.
-
-    Attributes:
-        config_dir: Directory for API keys, preferences, and configuration.
-        logger: Logger for plugin logging.
-        http_client: HTTP client for network requests.
-    """
-
-    config_dir: Path
-    logger: logging.Logger
-    http_client: HttpClient

abogen/tts_plugin/loader.py

@@ -1,365 +0,0 @@
-"""Plugin loader infrastructure for the TTS Plugin Architecture.
-
-This module provides functionality to discover, import, validate, and load
-TTS plugins. It handles both valid and invalid plugins, providing diagnostic
-messages for errors.
-
-The loader does NOT:
-- Create Engine instances (that's the plugin's create_engine() responsibility)
-- Manage plugin lifecycle (that's the Plugin Manager's responsibility)
-- Implement any TTS engine functionality
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import importlib
-import re
-import sys
-import types
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Callable
-
-from abogen.tts_plugin.manifest import ModelManifest, PluginManifest
-
-
-# Host API version for compatibility checking
-HOST_API_VERSION = "1.0"
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class PluginLoadError:
-    """Diagnostic information for a failed plugin load.
-
-    Attributes:
-        plugin_id: Plugin identifier if available, otherwise directory name.
-        path: Path to the plugin directory.
-        errors: List of error messages describing what went wrong.
-    """
-
-    plugin_id: str
-    path: Path
-    errors: tuple[str, ...] = field(default_factory=tuple)
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class PluginLoadResult:
-    """Result of loading a plugin.
-
-    Attributes:
-        success: Whether the plugin loaded successfully.
-        manifest: The plugin manifest if successful.
-        model_requirements: Model requirements if successful.
-        create_engine: The create_engine function if successful.
-        module: The plugin module if successful.
-        error: Error information if failed.
-    """
-
-    success: bool
-    manifest: PluginManifest | None = None
-    model_requirements: tuple[ModelManifest, ...] | None = None
-    create_engine: Callable[..., Any] | None = None
-    module: types.ModuleType | None = None
-    error: PluginLoadError | None = None
-
-
-def _parse_api_version(version: str) -> tuple[int, int] | None:
-    """Parse an api_version string into (major, minor) tuple.
-
-    Args:
-        version: Version string in format "MAJOR.MINOR".
-
-    Returns:
-        Tuple of (major, minor) or None if invalid format.
-    """
-    match = re.match(r"^(\d+)\.(\d+)$", version)
-    if match:
-        return int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2))
-    return None
-
-
-def _check_api_version_compatibility(plugin_version: str) -> str | None:
-    """Check if plugin api_version is compatible with host.
-
-    Architecture spec:
-    - Format: semver (MAJOR.MINOR)
-    - Compatibility: Host rejects plugin if major version differs
-    - Minor version: backward compatible, Host accepts higher minor
-
-    Args:
-        plugin_version: Plugin's api_version string.
-
-    Returns:
-        Error message if incompatible, None if compatible.
-    """
-    plugin_ver = _parse_api_version(plugin_version)
-    if plugin_ver is None:
-        return f"Invalid api_version format: '{plugin_version}'. Expected format: MAJOR.MINOR"
-
-    host_ver = _parse_api_version(HOST_API_VERSION)
-    if host_ver is None:
-        return f"Invalid host api_version format: '{HOST_API_VERSION}'"
-
-    if plugin_ver[0] != host_ver[0]:
-        return (
-            f"api_version major mismatch: plugin={plugin_ver[0]}, host={host_ver[0]}. "
-            f"Major version must match for compatibility."
-        )
-
-    return None
-
-
-def _validate_manifest(module: types.ModuleType, plugin_dir: Path) -> list[str]:
-    """Validate that a plugin module has required exports.
-
-    Args:
-        module: The imported plugin module.
-        plugin_dir: Path to the plugin directory.
-
-    Returns:
-        List of error messages (empty if valid).
-    """
-    errors: list[str] = []
-
-    # Check PLUGIN_MANIFEST
-    manifest = getattr(module, "PLUGIN_MANIFEST", None)
-    if manifest is None:
-        errors.append("Missing PLUGIN_MANIFEST export")
-    elif not isinstance(manifest, PluginManifest):
-        errors.append(
-            f"PLUGIN_MANIFEST must be a PluginManifest instance, "
-            f"got {type(manifest).__name__}"
-        )
-
-    # Check MODEL_REQUIREMENTS
-    model_reqs = getattr(module, "MODEL_REQUIREMENTS", None)
-    if model_reqs is None:
-        errors.append("Missing MODEL_REQUIREMENTS export")
-    elif not isinstance(model_reqs, list):
-        errors.append(
-            f"MODEL_REQUIREMENTS must be a list, got {type(model_reqs).__name__}"
-        )
-    else:
-        for i, req in enumerate(model_reqs):
-            if not isinstance(req, ModelManifest):
-                errors.append(
-                    f"MODEL_REQUIREMENTS[{i}] must be a ModelManifest instance, "
-                    f"got {type(req).__name__}"
-                )
-
-    # Check create_engine
-    create_engine = getattr(module, "create_engine", None)
-    if create_engine is None:
-        errors.append("Missing create_engine export")
-    elif not callable(create_engine):
-        errors.append(
-            f"create_engine must be callable, got {type(create_engine).__name__}"
-        )
-
-    return errors
-
-
-def _validate_capabilities(manifest: PluginManifest) -> list[str]:
-    """Validate plugin capabilities.
-
-    Args:
-        manifest: The plugin manifest to validate.
-
-    Returns:
-        List of error messages (empty if valid).
-    """
-    errors: list[str] = []
-
-    # Known capabilities (can be extended)
-    known_capabilities = frozenset({
-        "voice_list",
-        "preview",
-        "voice_clone",
-        "voice_blend",
-        "streaming",
-        "cancel",
-    })
-
-    for cap in manifest.capabilities:
-        if cap not in known_capabilities:
-            errors.append(f"Unknown capability: '{cap}'")
-
-    return errors
-
-
-def _validate_api_version(manifest: PluginManifest) -> list[str]:
-    """Validate api_version compatibility.
-
-    Args:
-        manifest: The plugin manifest to validate.
-
-    Returns:
-        List of error messages (empty if valid).
-    """
-    errors: list[str] = []
-    error = _check_api_version_compatibility(manifest.api_version)
-    if error:
-        errors.append(error)
-    return errors
-
-
-def load_plugin_from_dir(plugin_dir: Path) -> PluginLoadResult:
-    """Load and validate a plugin from a directory.
-
-    The plugin directory must contain an __init__.py that exports:
-    - PLUGIN_MANIFEST: PluginManifest
-    - MODEL_REQUIREMENTS: list[ModelManifest]
-    - create_engine: Callable
-
-    Args:
-        plugin_dir: Path to the plugin directory.
-
-    Returns:
-        PluginLoadResult with success status and either plugin data or error info.
-    """
-    plugin_id = plugin_dir.name
-    errors: list[str] = []
-
-    # Check if directory exists
-    if not plugin_dir.exists():
-        return PluginLoadResult(
-            success=False,
-            error=PluginLoadError(
-                plugin_id=plugin_id,
-                path=plugin_dir,
-                errors=(f"Plugin directory does not exist: {plugin_dir}",),
-            ),
-        )
-
-    # Check for __init__.py
-    init_file = plugin_dir / "__init__.py"
-    if not init_file.exists():
-        return PluginLoadResult(
-            success=False,
-            error=PluginLoadError(
-                plugin_id=plugin_id,
-                path=plugin_dir,
-                errors=("Missing __init__.py in plugin directory",),
-            ),
-        )
-
-    # Import the module
-    module_name = f"abogen.tts_plugin._loaded.{plugin_id}"
-    try:
-        # Remove from cache if already imported (for testing)
-        if module_name in sys.modules:
-            del sys.modules[module_name]
-
-        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(
-            module_name, init_file, submodule_search_locations=[]
-        )
-        if spec is None or spec.loader is None:
-            return PluginLoadResult(
-                success=False,
-                error=PluginLoadError(
-                    plugin_id=plugin_id,
-                    path=plugin_dir,
-                    errors=(f"Failed to create module spec for {init_file}",),
-                ),
-            )
-
-        module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
-        sys.modules[module_name] = module
-        spec.loader.exec_module(module)
-    except Exception as e:
-        # Clean up module from sys.modules on import failure
-        if module_name in sys.modules:
-            del sys.modules[module_name]
-        return PluginLoadResult(
-            success=False,
-            error=PluginLoadError(
-                plugin_id=plugin_id,
-                path=plugin_dir,
-                errors=(f"Failed to import plugin module: {e}",),
-            ),
-        )
-
-    # Validate manifest
-    manifest_errors = _validate_manifest(module, plugin_dir)
-    errors.extend(manifest_errors)
-
-    # If manifest is valid, perform additional validation
-    manifest = getattr(module, "PLUGIN_MANIFEST", None)
-    if isinstance(manifest, PluginManifest):
-        # Validate api_version
-        api_errors = _validate_api_version(manifest)
-        errors.extend(api_errors)
-
-        # Validate capabilities
-        cap_errors = _validate_capabilities(manifest)
-        errors.extend(cap_errors)
-
-        # Use manifest id if available
-        plugin_id = manifest.id
-
-    # Check if any errors occurred
-    if errors:
-        # Clean up module from sys.modules
-        if module_name in sys.modules:
-            del sys.modules[module_name]
-
-        return PluginLoadResult(
-            success=False,
-            error=PluginLoadError(
-                plugin_id=plugin_id,
-                path=plugin_dir,
-                errors=tuple(errors),
-            ),
-        )
-
-    # Get MODEL_REQUIREMENTS
-    model_requirements = tuple(getattr(module, "MODEL_REQUIREMENTS", []))
-    create_engine = getattr(module, "create_engine", None)
-
-    return PluginLoadResult(
-        success=True,
-        manifest=manifest,
-        model_requirements=model_requirements,
-        create_engine=create_engine,
-        module=module,
-    )
-
-
-def discover_plugins(plugin_dirs: list[Path]) -> list[PluginLoadResult]:
-    """Discover and load plugins from multiple directories.
-
-    Args:
-        plugin_dirs: List of directories to scan for plugins.
-
-    Returns:
-        List of PluginLoadResult, one per plugin directory found.
-    """
-    results: list[PluginLoadResult] = []
-
-    for plugin_dir in plugin_dirs:
-        if not plugin_dir.exists():
-            continue
-
-        # Scan for subdirectories (each is a potential plugin)
-        for item in sorted(plugin_dir.iterdir()):
-            if item.is_dir() and not item.name.startswith("."):
-                result = load_plugin_from_dir(item)
-                results.append(result)
-
-    return results
-
-
-def load_plugin(
-    plugin_dir: Path,
-) -> PluginLoadResult:
-    """Load a single plugin from a directory.
-
-    This is the main entry point for loading a plugin.
-
-    Args:
-        plugin_dir: Path to the plugin directory.
-
-    Returns:
-        PluginLoadResult with success status and either plugin data or error info.
-    """
-    return load_plugin_from_dir(plugin_dir)

abogen/tts_plugin/manifest.py

@@ -1,189 +0,0 @@
-"""Plugin manifest types for the TTS Plugin Architecture.
-
-This module contains static metadata types that describe plugins.
-These types have no dependencies and are immutable.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-from typing import Any
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class AudioFormatManifest:
-    """Manifest describing an audio format.
-
-    Attributes:
-        mime: MIME type of the audio.
-        extension: File extension.
-    """
-
-    mime: str
-    extension: str
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class EnumOption:
-    """Manifest describing an enum option for a parameter.
-
-    Attributes:
-        value: The enum value.
-        label: Human-readable label.
-    """
-
-    value: str
-    label: str
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class ParameterManifest:
-    """Manifest describing a synthesis parameter.
-
-    Attributes:
-        id: Parameter identifier.
-        name: Human-readable name.
-        description: Parameter description.
-        type: Parameter type ("float", "int", "string", "boolean", "enum").
-        default: Default value.
-        min: Minimum value (optional, for numeric types).
-        max: Maximum value (optional, for numeric types).
-        step: Step size (optional, for numeric types).
-        options: Available options (optional, for enum type).
-        unit: Unit of measurement (optional).
-        group: Parameter group (optional).
-    """
-
-    id: str
-    name: str
-    description: str
-    type: str
-    default: Any
-    min: float | None = None
-    max: float | None = None
-    step: float | None = None
-    options: tuple[EnumOption, ...] = field(default_factory=tuple)
-    unit: str | None = None
-    group: str | None = None
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class VoiceManifest:
-    """Manifest describing a voice.
-
-    Attributes:
-        id: Voice identifier.
-        name: Human-readable name.
-        tags: Voice tags (e.g., language, style).
-    """
-
-    id: str
-    name: str
-    tags: tuple[str, ...] = field(default_factory=tuple)
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class VoiceSourceManifest:
-    """Manifest describing a voice source.
-
-    Attributes:
-        id: Voice source identifier.
-        name: Human-readable name.
-        type: Source type ("list", "speaker_id", "clone", "blend", "generate", "none").
-        config: Source-specific configuration.
-    """
-
-    id: str
-    name: str
-    type: str
-    config: Any = None
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class EngineManifest:
-    """Manifest describing engine capabilities.
-
-    Attributes:
-        voiceSources: Available voice sources.
-        parameters: Available synthesis parameters.
-        audioFormats: Supported audio formats.
-    """
-
-    voiceSources: tuple[VoiceSourceManifest, ...] = field(default_factory=tuple)
-    parameters: tuple[ParameterManifest, ...] = field(default_factory=tuple)
-    audioFormats: tuple[AudioFormatManifest, ...] = field(default_factory=tuple)
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class GpuRequirement:
-    """Manifest describing GPU requirements.
-
-    Attributes:
-        required: Whether GPU is required.
-        type: GPU type (e.g., "cuda", "rocm").
-        memory: Required GPU memory in GB.
-    """
-
-    required: bool = False
-    type: str | None = None
-    memory: float | None = None
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class RequirementManifest:
-    """Manifest describing plugin requirements.
-
-    Attributes:
-        gpu: GPU requirements (optional).
-        memory: Required RAM in GB (optional).
-        internet: Whether internet is required (optional).
-    """
-
-    gpu: GpuRequirement | None = None
-    memory: float | None = None
-    internet: bool | None = None
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class ModelManifest:
-    """Manifest describing a model requirement.
-
-    Attributes:
-        id: Model identifier.
-        name: Human-readable name.
-        size: Model size as string (e.g., "100MB", "2GB").
-    """
-
-    id: str
-    name: str
-    size: str
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class PluginManifest:
-    """Main manifest for a TTS plugin.
-
-    Attributes:
-        id: Plugin identifier (unique).
-        name: Human-readable name.
-        version: Plugin version.
-        api_version: API version (semver format: MAJOR.MINOR).
-        description: Plugin description.
-        author: Plugin author.
-        capabilities: List of capability identifiers.
-        requires: Plugin requirements.
-        engine: Engine manifest.
-        voices: Optional static voice catalog. None = not declared (use VoiceLister),
-            empty tuple = explicitly no static voices, non-empty = static catalog.
-    """
-
-    id: str
-    name: str
-    version: str
-    api_version: str
-    description: str
-    author: str
-    capabilities: tuple[str, ...] = field(default_factory=tuple)
-    requires: RequirementManifest = field(default_factory=RequirementManifest)
-    engine: EngineManifest = field(default_factory=EngineManifest)
-    voices: tuple[VoiceManifest, ...] | None = None

abogen/tts_plugin/plugin.py

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-"""Plugin contract for the TTS Plugin Architecture.
-
-This module defines the plugin contract that all TTS plugins must implement.
-Each plugin must export:
-- PLUGIN_MANIFEST: PluginManifest instance
-- MODEL_REQUIREMENTS: list of ModelManifest instances
-- create_engine(): Factory function that creates an Engine
-
-The create_engine() function is the entry point for plugin activation.
-It must be atomic: succeed fully or raise and clean up.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Protocol, runtime_checkable
-
-from abogen.tts_plugin.engine import Engine
-from abogen.tts_plugin.host_context import HostContext
-from abogen.tts_plugin.types import EngineConfig
-
-
-@runtime_checkable
-class Plugin(Protocol):
-    """Protocol defining the plugin contract.
-
-    Every TTS plugin must implement this protocol by exporting:
-    - PLUGIN_MANIFEST: PluginManifest
-    - MODEL_REQUIREMENTS: list[ModelManifest]
-    - create_engine: Callable[[HostContext, Path | None, EngineConfig], Engine]
-    """
-
-    def create_engine(
-        self,
-        context: HostContext,
-        model_path: Path | None,
-        config: EngineConfig,
-    ) -> Engine:
-        """Create an engine instance.
-
-        This is the factory function that creates an Engine from a plugin.
-        It must be atomic: succeed fully or raise EngineError and clean up.
-
-        Args:
-            context: Host services (config dir, logger, http client).
-            model_path: Resolved model path, or None for cloud/no-model engines.
-            config: Engine initialization settings.
-
-        Returns:
-            A fully initialized Engine instance.
-
-        Raises:
-            EngineError: On failure. Cleans up partially created resources.
-        """
-        ...

abogen/tts_plugin/plugin_manager.py

@@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
-"""Plugin Manager
-
-Provides a simple interface for consumers to access TTS engines via the
-new Plugin Architecture. Discovers, loads, and manages plugins from the
-plugins directory.
-
-Usage:
-    from abogen.tts_plugin.plugin_manager import get_plugin_manager
-
-    manager = get_plugin_manager()
-    engine = manager.create_engine("kokoro", lang_code="a", device="cpu")
-    session = engine.create_session()
-    try:
-        result = session.synthesize("Hello world")
-    finally:
-        session.dispose()
-"""
-
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Type
-
-from abogen.tts_plugin.engine import Engine, EngineSession
-from abogen.tts_plugin.manifest import PluginManifest
-from abogen.tts_plugin.types import AudioFormat
-
-
-class PluginManager:
-    """Manages TTS plugins and provides a simple interface for consumers."""
-
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self._plugins: Dict[str, dict] = {}
-        self._engines: Dict[str, Engine] = {}
-        self._loaded = False
-
-    def discover(self, plugins_dir: str = "plugins") -> None:
-        """Discover and load all plugins from the given directory."""
-        import os
-        from pathlib import Path
-        from abogen.tts_plugin.loader import load_plugin_from_dir
-
-        self._plugins.clear()
-        self._engines.clear()
-
-        plugins_path = Path(plugins_dir)
-        if not plugins_path.exists():
-            self._loaded = True
-            return
-
-        for entry in plugins_path.iterdir():
-            if entry.is_dir() and (entry / "__init__.py").exists():
-                try:
-                    result = load_plugin_from_dir(entry)
-                    if result.success and result.manifest is not None:
-                        self._plugins[result.manifest.id] = {
-                            "manifest": result.manifest,
-                            "create_engine": result.create_engine,
-                            "module": result.module,
-                        }
-                except Exception as e:
-                    # Log error but continue with other plugins
-                    print(f"Warning: Failed to load plugin from {entry}: {e}")
-
-        self._loaded = True
-
-    def _ensure_loaded(self) -> None:
-        """Ensure plugins have been discovered."""
-        if not self._loaded:
-            self.discover()
-
-    def list_plugins(self) -> List[PluginManifest]:
-        """Return manifests for all loaded plugins."""
-        self._ensure_loaded()
-        return [info["manifest"] for info in self._plugins.values()]
-
-    def get_plugin(self, plugin_id: str) -> Optional[dict]:
-        """Get plugin info by ID."""
-        self._ensure_loaded()
-        return self._plugins.get(plugin_id)
-
-    def has_plugin(self, plugin_id: str) -> bool:
-        """Check if a plugin is loaded."""
-        self._ensure_loaded()
-        return plugin_id in self._plugins
-
-    def create_engine(self, plugin_id: str, **kwargs: Any) -> Engine:
-        """Create an engine instance for the given plugin.
-
-        Args:
-            plugin_id: The plugin identifier (e.g., "kokoro")
-            **kwargs: Arguments passed to the engine constructor
-
-        Returns:
-            An Engine instance
-
-        Raises:
-            KeyError: If plugin_id is not found
-            Exception: If engine creation fails
-        """
-        self._ensure_loaded()
-
-        if plugin_id not in self._plugins:
-            raise KeyError(f"Plugin not found: {plugin_id}")
-
-        plugin_info = self._plugins[plugin_id]
-        create_engine_func = plugin_info["create_engine"]
-
-        # Create engine using the plugin's factory
-        engine = create_engine_func(**kwargs)
-        return engine
-
-    def get_or_create_engine(self, plugin_id: str, **kwargs: Any) -> Engine:
-        """Get an existing engine or create a new one.
-
-        Engines are cached by plugin_id. If you need multiple instances
-        with different parameters, use create_engine() directly.
-        """
-        self._ensure_loaded()
-
-        cache_key = plugin_id
-        if cache_key in self._engines:
-            return self._engines[cache_key]
-
-        engine = self.create_engine(plugin_id, **kwargs)
-        self._engines[cache_key] = engine
-        return engine
-
-    def dispose_all(self) -> None:
-        """Dispose all cached engines."""
-        for engine in self._engines.values():
-            try:
-                engine.dispose()
-            except Exception:
-                pass  # dispose() should never raise
-        self._engines.clear()
-
-
-# Global singleton
-_manager: Optional[PluginManager] = None
-
-
-def get_plugin_manager() -> PluginManager:
-    """Get the global PluginManager instance."""
-    global _manager
-    if _manager is None:
-        _manager = PluginManager()
-    return _manager
-
-
-def reset_plugin_manager() -> None:
-    """Reset the global PluginManager (for testing)."""
-    global _manager
-    if _manager is not None:
-        _manager.dispose_all()
-    _manager = None

abogen/tts_plugin/types.py

@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-"""Core domain types for the TTS Plugin Architecture.
-
-This module contains immutable value objects that form the core domain.
-These types have zero dependencies and are used across the plugin system.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-from typing import Any, Mapping
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class AudioFormat:
-    """Immutable value object representing an audio format.
-
-    Attributes:
-        mime: MIME type of the audio (e.g., "audio/wav", "audio/mpeg").
-        extension: File extension (e.g., "wav", "mp3").
-    """
-
-    mime: str
-    extension: str
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class Duration:
-    """Immutable value object representing a time duration.
-
-    Attributes:
-        seconds: Duration in seconds.
-    """
-
-    seconds: float
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class VoiceSelection:
-    """Immutable value object for voice selection. Opaque to engine.
-
-    Attributes:
-        source: Voice source identifier (e.g., "builtin", "clone").
-        key: Voice key within the source.
-        payload: Optional payload for clone/blend sources.
-    """
-
-    source: str
-    key: str
-    payload: Any = None
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class ParameterValues:
-    """Immutable value object for synthesis parameters. Behaves like Mapping[str, Any].
-
-    Attributes:
-        values: Mapping of parameter names to their values.
-    """
-
-    values: Mapping[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class SynthesisRequest:
-    """Immutable value object for a synthesis request.
-
-    Attributes:
-        text: Text to synthesize.
-        voice: Voice selection.
-        parameters: Synthesis parameters.
-        format: Desired audio output format.
-    """
-
-    text: str
-    voice: VoiceSelection
-    parameters: ParameterValues
-    format: AudioFormat
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class SynthesizedAudio:
-    """Immutable value object for synthesized audio result.
-
-    Attributes:
-        data: Raw audio bytes.
-        format: Audio format of the result.
-        duration: Duration of the audio.
-    """
-
-    data: bytes
-    format: AudioFormat
-    duration: Duration
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class EngineConfig:
-    """Immutable configuration of an Engine instance.
-
-    Contains parameters that define how a particular Engine instance is
-    created and that remain constant throughout the lifetime of that Engine.
-
-    Plugin implementations may ignore fields that are not applicable to them.
-
-    Attributes:
-        device: Device to use (e.g., "cpu", "cuda:0").
-        lang_code: Language code for the engine (e.g., "a" for Kokoro English).
-            Plugins that do not require a language code ignore this field.
-    """
-
-    device: str = "cpu"
-    lang_code: str = "a"

abogen/tts_plugin/utils.py

@@ -1,235 +0,0 @@
-"""TTS Plugin Architecture — direct utility functions.
-
-Provides helpers that replace the former compatibility adapter by
-calling the Plugin Manager directly.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from typing import Any, Iterator
-
-import numpy as np
-
-from abogen.tts_plugin.plugin_manager import get_plugin_manager
-
-
-def get_voices(plugin_id: str) -> tuple[str, ...]:
-    """Return the voice-id tuple for *plugin_id*.
-
-    Uses the official Plugin Architecture: PluginManager → Engine → VoiceLister.
-    First checks plugin manifest for static voice catalog.
-    """
-    import logging
-    import tempfile
-    from pathlib import Path
-
-    from abogen.tts_plugin.host_context import HostContext
-    from abogen.tts_plugin.types import EngineConfig
-
-    manager = get_plugin_manager()
-    if not manager.has_plugin(plugin_id):
-        return ()
-
-    # Check manifest for static voice catalog
-    plugin_info = manager.get_plugin(plugin_id)
-    if plugin_info is not None:
-        manifest = plugin_info.get("manifest")
-        if manifest is not None and manifest.voices is not None:
-            return tuple(v.id for v in manifest.voices)
-
-    ctx = HostContext(
-        config_dir=Path(tempfile.gettempdir()),
-        logger=logging.getLogger(f"abogen.utils.{plugin_id}"),
-        http_client=type("_StubHttpClient", (), {
-            "get": staticmethod(lambda url, **kw: None),
-            "post": staticmethod(lambda url, **kw: None),
-        })(),
-    )
-
-    try:
-        engine = manager.create_engine(
-            plugin_id,
-            context=ctx,
-            model_path=None,
-            config=EngineConfig(device="cpu"),
-        )
-    except Exception:
-        return ()
-
-    try:
-        from abogen.tts_plugin.capabilities import VoiceLister
-
-        if isinstance(engine, VoiceLister):
-            manifests = engine.listVoices("builtin")
-            return tuple(v.id for v in manifests)
-        return ()
-    except Exception:
-        return ()
-    finally:
-        engine.dispose()
-
-
-def get_default_voice(plugin_id: str, fallback: str = "") -> str:
-    """Return the first voice of *plugin_id*, or *fallback*."""
-    voices = get_voices(plugin_id)
-    return voices[0] if voices else fallback
-
-
-def is_plugin_registered(plugin_id: str) -> bool:
-    """Check whether *plugin_id* is loaded by the Plugin Manager."""
-    return get_plugin_manager().has_plugin(plugin_id)
-
-
-def resolve_voice_to_plugin(spec: str, fallback: str = "kokoro") -> str:
-    """Determine which plugin owns the given voice specification.
-
-    Resolution rules:
-    1. Empty spec -> fallback
-    2. Kokoro formula (contains '*' or '+') -> "kokoro"
-    3. Exact voice-id match against loaded plugins -> plugin id
-    4. Unknown voice -> fallback
-    """
-    raw = str(spec or "").strip()
-    if not raw:
-        return fallback
-
-    if "*" in raw or "+" in raw:
-        return "kokoro"
-
-    upper = raw.upper()
-    manager = get_plugin_manager()
-
-    for manifest in manager.list_plugins():
-        for voice_source in manifest.engine.voiceSources:
-            if voice_source.type == "list" and isinstance(voice_source.config, dict):
-                try:
-                    engine = manager.create_engine(manifest.id)
-                    try:
-                        if hasattr(engine, "listVoices"):
-                            voice_manifests = engine.listVoices(voice_source.id)
-                            voice_ids = [v.id.upper() for v in voice_manifests]
-                            if upper in voice_ids:
-                                return manifest.id
-                    finally:
-                        engine.dispose()
-                except Exception:
-                    continue
-
-    return fallback
-
-
-class Pipeline:
-    """Callable wrapper around Engine / EngineSession.
-
-    Presents the same interface that old callers expect::
-
-        pipeline = create_pipeline("kokoro", lang_code="a", device="cpu")
-        for segment in pipeline(text, voice="af_nova", speed=1.0):
-            audio = segment.audio
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, engine: Any, **engine_kwargs: Any) -> None:
-        self._engine = engine
-        self._engine_kwargs = engine_kwargs
-        self._session: Any = None
-
-    def _ensure_session(self) -> Any:
-        if self._session is None:
-            self._session = self._engine.createSession()
-        return self._session
-
-    def __call__(
-        self,
-        text: str,
-        voice: str = "default",
-        speed: float = 1.0,
-        split_pattern: str | None = None,
-        **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> Iterator[Any]:
-        from abogen.tts_plugin.types import (
-            AudioFormat,
-            ParameterValues,
-            SynthesisRequest,
-            VoiceSelection,
-        )
-
-        session = self._ensure_session()
-
-        params: dict[str, Any] = {"speed": speed}
-        if split_pattern is not None:
-            params["split_pattern"] = split_pattern
-        params.update(kwargs)
-
-        request = SynthesisRequest(
-            text=text,
-            voice=VoiceSelection(source="builtin", key=voice),
-            parameters=ParameterValues(values=params),
-            format=AudioFormat(mime="audio/wav", extension="wav"),
-        )
-
-        result = session.synthesize(request)
-        audio_array = np.frombuffer(result.data, dtype=np.float32)
-
-        from dataclasses import dataclass
-
-        @dataclass
-        class Segment:
-            graphemes: str
-            audio: np.ndarray
-
-        yield Segment(graphemes=text, audio=audio_array)
-
-    def dispose(self) -> None:
-        if self._session is not None:
-            try:
-                self._session.dispose()
-            except Exception:
-                pass
-            self._session = None
-
-    def __del__(self) -> None:
-        self.dispose()
-
-
-def create_pipeline(
-    plugin_id: str,
-    *,
-    lang_code: str = "a",
-    device: str = "cpu",
-) -> Pipeline:
-    """Create a callable TTS pipeline via the Plugin Architecture.
-
-    Builds a proper HostContext and EngineConfig, then delegates to the
-    PluginManager to create the engine. Returns a :class:`Pipeline` whose
-    ``__call__`` interface matches the callable protocol used by consumers.
-
-    Args:
-        plugin_id: Plugin identifier (e.g., "kokoro", "supertonic").
-        lang_code: Language code for the engine.
-        device: Device to use (e.g., "cpu", "cuda:0").
-
-    Returns:
-        A callable Pipeline instance.
-    """
-    import logging
-    import tempfile
-    from pathlib import Path
-
-    from abogen.tts_plugin.host_context import HostContext
-    from abogen.tts_plugin.types import EngineConfig
-
-    manager = get_plugin_manager()
-
-    ctx = HostContext(
-        config_dir=Path(tempfile.gettempdir()),
-        logger=logging.getLogger(f"abogen.pipeline.{plugin_id}"),
-        http_client=type("_StubHttpClient", (), {
-            "get": staticmethod(lambda url, **kw: None),
-            "post": staticmethod(lambda url, **kw: None),
-        })(),
-    )
-
-    config = EngineConfig(device=device, lang_code=lang_code)
-
-    engine = manager.create_engine(plugin_id, context=ctx, model_path=None, config=config)
-    return Pipeline(engine)

abogen/tts_supertonic.py

@@ -1,25 +1,39 @@
-"""SuperTonic Pipeline — self-contained TTS pipeline for the plugin.
-
-This module provides the SuperTonicPipeline class and supporting utilities
-used by the SuperTonic plugin. It is independent of the legacy
-abogen.tts_backends module.
-"""
-
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import ast
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 import logging
+import math
+import os
 import re
 from typing import Any, Iterable, Iterator, Optional
 
 import numpy as np
 
+
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
+DEFAULT_SUPERTONIC_VOICES = ("M1", "M2", "M3", "M4", "M5", "F1", "F2", "F3", "F4", "F5")
+
+SUPERTONIC_AVAILABLE_LANGS = [
+    "en", "ko", "ja", "ar", "bg", "cs", "da", "de", "el",
+    "es", "et", "fi", "fr", "hi", "hr", "hu", "id", "it",
+    "lt", "lv", "nl", "pl", "pt", "ro", "ru", "sk", "sl",
+    "sv", "tr", "uk", "vi", "na",
+]
+
+
+@dataclass
+class SupertonicSegment:
+    graphemes: str
+    audio: np.ndarray
+
+
 def _ensure_float32_mono(wav: Any) -> np.ndarray:
     arr = np.asarray(wav, dtype="float32")
     if arr.ndim == 2:
+        # (n, 1) or (1, n) or (n, channels)
         if arr.shape[0] == 1 and arr.shape[1] > 1:
             arr = arr.reshape(-1)
         else:
@@ -56,6 +70,7 @@ def _split_text(
     else:
         parts = [stripped]
 
+    # Enforce max length by hard-splitting long parts.
     result: list[str] = []
     for part in parts:
         if len(part) <= max_chunk_length:
@@ -64,6 +79,7 @@ def _split_text(
         start = 0
         while start < len(part):
             end = min(len(part), start + max_chunk_length)
+            # Try to split at whitespace.
             if end < len(part):
                 ws = part.rfind(" ", start, end)
                 if ws > start + 40:
@@ -81,7 +97,8 @@ _UNSUPPORTED_CHARS_RE = re.compile(
 
 
 def _parse_unsupported_characters(error: BaseException) -> list[str]:
-    """Best-effort extraction of unsupported characters from SuperTonic errors."""
+    """Best-effort extraction of unsupported characters from Supertonic errors."""
+
     message = " ".join(
         str(part) for part in getattr(error, "args", ()) if part is not None
     ) or str(error)
@@ -127,11 +144,16 @@ def _configure_supertonic_gpu() -> None:
 
         available = ort.get_available_providers()
 
+        # Use CUDA if available, skip TensorRT (requires extra libs not always present)
+        # TensorrtExecutionProvider may be listed as available but fail at runtime
+        # if TensorRT libraries (libnvinfer.so) are not installed
         providers = []
         if "CUDAExecutionProvider" in available:
             providers.append("CUDAExecutionProvider")
         providers.append("CPUExecutionProvider")
 
+        # Patch supertonic's config and loader before TTS import
+        # We must patch both because loader imports the value at module load time
         import supertonic.config as supertonic_config
         import supertonic.loader as supertonic_loader
 
@@ -141,16 +163,7 @@ def _configure_supertonic_gpu() -> None:
     except Exception as exc:
         logger.warning("Could not configure supertonic GPU providers: %s", exc)
 
-
+SUPERTONIC_MAX_CHUNK_LENGTH = 500
-class SupertonicSegment:
-    """A single synthesized audio segment."""
-
-    __slots__ = ("graphemes", "audio")
-
-    def __init__(self, graphemes: str, audio: np.ndarray) -> None:
-        self.graphemes = graphemes
-        self.audio = audio
-
 
 class SupertonicPipeline:
     """Minimal adapter that mimics Kokoro's pipeline iteration interface."""
@@ -161,12 +174,16 @@ class SupertonicPipeline:
         sample_rate: int,
         auto_download: bool = True,
         total_steps: int = 5,
-        max_chunk_length: int = 300,
+        max_chunk_length: int = SUPERTONIC_MAX_CHUNK_LENGTH,
+        lang: str = "en",
+        intra_op_num_threads: Optional[int] = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.sample_rate = int(sample_rate)
         self.total_steps = int(total_steps)
         self.max_chunk_length = int(max_chunk_length)
+        self.lang = str(lang or "en")
 
+        # Configure GPU providers before importing TTS
         _configure_supertonic_gpu()
 
         try:
@@ -176,7 +193,8 @@ class SupertonicPipeline:
                 "Supertonic is not installed. Install it with `pip install supertonic`."
             ) from exc
 
-        self._tts = TTS(auto_download=auto_download)
+        threads = intra_op_num_threads if intra_op_num_threads is not None else os.cpu_count()
+        self._tts = TTS(auto_download=auto_download, intra_op_num_threads=threads)
 
     def __call__(
         self,
@@ -186,12 +204,14 @@ class SupertonicPipeline:
         speed: float,
         split_pattern: Optional[str] = None,
         total_steps: Optional[int] = None,
+        lang: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> Iterator[SupertonicSegment]:
         voice_name = (voice or "").strip() or "M1"
         steps = int(total_steps) if total_steps is not None else self.total_steps
         steps = max(2, min(15, steps))
         speed_value = float(speed) if speed is not None else 1.0
         speed_value = max(0.7, min(2.0, speed_value))
+        language = str(lang or self.lang or "en")
 
         style = self._tts.get_voice_style(voice_name=voice_name)
         chunks = _split_text(
@@ -202,11 +222,13 @@ class SupertonicPipeline:
             removed: set[str] = set()
             last_exc: Exception | None = None
 
+            # Supertonic can raise ValueError for unsupported characters; strip and retry.
             for attempt in range(3):
                 try:
                     wav, duration = self._tts.synthesize(
                         text=chunk_to_speak,
                         voice_style=style,
+                        lang=language,
                         total_steps=steps,
                         speed=speed_value,
                         max_chunk_length=self.max_chunk_length,
@@ -225,23 +247,25 @@ class SupertonicPipeline:
                         chunk_to_speak, unsupported
                     ).strip()
 
+                    # If we didn't change anything, don't loop forever.
                     if sanitized == chunk_to_speak.strip():
                         raise
 
                     chunk_to_speak = sanitized
                     if not chunk_to_speak:
                         logger.warning(
-                            "SuperTonic: dropped a chunk after removing unsupported characters: %s",
+                            "Supertonic: dropped a chunk after removing unsupported characters: %s",
                             sorted(removed),
                         )
                         break
 
                     if attempt == 0:
                         logger.warning(
-                            "SuperTonic: removed unsupported characters %s and retried.",
+                            "Supertonic: removed unsupported characters %s and retried.",
                             sorted(removed),
                         )
             else:
+                # Exhausted retries.
                 assert last_exc is not None
                 raise last_exc
 
@@ -250,6 +274,7 @@ class SupertonicPipeline:
 
             audio = _ensure_float32_mono(wav)
 
+            # If duration is present, infer the source sample rate and resample if needed.
             src_rate = self.sample_rate
             try:
                 dur = float(duration)

abogen/utils.py

@@ -529,20 +529,21 @@ def prevent_sleep_end():
                 _sleep_procs[system] = None
 
 
+def load_numpy_kpipeline():
+    import numpy as np
+    from kokoro import KPipeline  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+
+    return np, KPipeline
+
+
 class LoadPipelineThread(Thread):
-    def __init__(self, callback, lang_code="a", device="cpu"):
+    def __init__(self, callback):
         super().__init__()
         self.callback = callback
-        self.lang_code = lang_code
-        self.device = device
 
     def run(self):
         try:
-            from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import create_pipeline
+            np_module, kpipeline_class = load_numpy_kpipeline()
-
+            self.callback(np_module, kpipeline_class, None)
-            backend = create_pipeline(
-                "kokoro", lang_code=self.lang_code, device=self.device
-            )
-            self.callback(backend, None)
         except Exception as e:
-            self.callback(None, str(e))
+            self.callback(None, None, str(e))

abogen/voice_cache.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ if LocalEntryNotFoundError is None:  # pragma: no cover - fallback for tests
         pass
 
 
-from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import get_voices
+from abogen.constants import VOICES_INTERNAL
 
 _CACHE_LOCK = threading.Lock()
 _CACHED_VOICES: Set[str] = set()
@@ -26,9 +26,8 @@ _BOOTSTRAPPED = False
 
 
 def _normalize_targets(voices: Optional[Iterable[str]]) -> Set[str]:
-    kokoro_voices = get_voices("kokoro")
     if not voices:
-        return set(kokoro_voices)
+        return set(VOICES_INTERNAL)
     normalized: Set[str] = set()
     for voice in voices:
         if not voice:
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ def _normalize_targets(voices: Optional[Iterable[str]]) -> Set[str]:
         voice_id = str(voice).strip()
         if not voice_id:
             continue
-        if voice_id in kokoro_voices:
+        if voice_id in VOICES_INTERNAL:
             normalized.add(voice_id)
     return normalized
 
@@ -144,11 +143,3 @@ def _ensure_single_voice_asset(
 
     hf_hub_download(resume_download=True, **common_kwargs)
     return True
-
-
-def clear_voice_cache() -> None:
-    """Clear the in‑process voice cache (used during shutdown)."""
-    with _CACHE_LOCK:
-        _CACHED_VOICES.clear()
-    global _BOOTSTRAPPED
-    _BOOTSTRAPPED = False

abogen/voice_formulas.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import re
 from typing import List, Tuple
 
-from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import get_voices
+from abogen.constants import VOICES_INTERNAL
 
 
 # Calls parsing and loads the voice to gpu or cpu
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ def parse_formula_terms(formula: str) -> List[Tuple[str, float]]:
         raise ValueError("Empty voice formula")
 
     terms: List[Tuple[str, float]] = []
-    kokoro_voices = get_voices("kokoro")
     for segment in formula.split("+"):
         part = segment.strip()
         if not part:
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ def parse_formula_terms(formula: str) -> List[Tuple[str, float]]:
             raise ValueError("Each component must be in the form voice*weight")
         voice_name, raw_weight = part.split("*", 1)
         voice_name = voice_name.strip()
-        if voice_name not in kokoro_voices:
+        if voice_name not in VOICES_INTERNAL:
             raise ValueError(f"Unknown voice: {voice_name}")
         try:
             weight = float(raw_weight.strip())

abogen/voice_metadata.py

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class VoiceMetadata:
-    """
-    Immutable metadata describing a voice from a TTS backend.
-
-    This model describes a voice independently of any backend implementation.
-    Backends populate these objects; the application consumes them.
-
-    The ``backend_id`` field is set by the backend itself (via
-    ``self.metadata.id``) — the application never hardcodes it.
-    This ensures renaming a backend does not require touching voice definitions.
-    """
-
-    id: str
-    """Unique voice identifier within the backend (e.g. ``"af_alloy"``, ``"M1"``)."""
-
-    display_name: str
-    """Human-readable display name (e.g. ``"Alloy"``, ``"Male 1"``)."""
-
-    language: str
-    """Language code — backend-specific format is acceptable (e.g. ``"a"``, ``"en"``)."""
-
-    gender: str
-    """Gender category: ``"female"``, ``"male"``, or ``"unknown"``."""
-
-    backend_id: str
-    """Identifier of the backend that owns this voice (e.g. ``"kokoro"``).
-
-    Set automatically by the backend — never hardcoded in voice definitions.
-    """

abogen/voice_profiles.py

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ import json
 import os
 from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Tuple
 
-from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import get_voices, is_plugin_registered
+from abogen.constants import VOICES_INTERNAL
+from abogen.tts_supertonic import DEFAULT_SUPERTONIC_VOICES
 from abogen.utils import get_user_config_path
 
 
@@ -69,8 +70,7 @@ def serialize_profiles() -> Dict[str, Dict[str, Iterable[Tuple[str, float]]]]:
 
 def _normalize_supertonic_voice(value: Any) -> str:
     raw = str(value or "").strip().upper()
-    supertonic_voices = get_voices("supertonic")
+    return raw if raw in DEFAULT_SUPERTONIC_VOICES else "M1"
-    return raw if raw in supertonic_voices else "M1"
 
 
 def _coerce_supertonic_steps(value: Any) -> int:
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ def normalize_profile_entry(entry: Any) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         return {}
 
     provider = str(entry.get("provider") or "kokoro").strip().lower()
-    if not is_plugin_registered(provider):
+    if provider not in {"kokoro", "supertonic"}:
         provider = "kokoro"
 
     language = str(entry.get("language") or "a").strip().lower() or "a"
@@ -135,7 +135,6 @@ def normalize_profile_entry(entry: Any) -> Dict[str, Any]:
 
 def _normalize_voice_entries(entries: Iterable) -> List[Tuple[str, float]]:
     normalized: List[Tuple[str, float]] = []
-    kokoro_voices = get_voices("kokoro")
     for item in entries or []:
         if isinstance(item, dict):
             voice = item.get("id") or item.get("voice")
@@ -144,7 +143,7 @@ def _normalize_voice_entries(entries: Iterable) -> List[Tuple[str, float]]:
             voice, weight = item[0], item[1]
         else:
             continue
-        if voice not in kokoro_voices:
+        if voice not in VOICES_INTERNAL:
             continue
         if weight is None:
             continue

abogen/webui/Dockerfile

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ FROM nvidia/cuda:12.6.3-cudnn-runtime-ubuntu22.04
 
 ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
   PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
+  PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=1 \
   VIRTUAL_ENV=/opt/venv \
   PATH=/opt/venv/bin:$PATH
 
@@ -26,22 +27,22 @@ RUN python3 -m venv "$VIRTUAL_ENV"
 WORKDIR /app
 
 COPY pyproject.toml README.md ./
-RUN pip install uv \
-  && if [ -n "$TORCH_VERSION" ]; then \
-       uv pip install --system torch=="$TORCH_VERSION" torchvision=="$TORCH_VERSION" torchaudio=="$TORCH_VERSION" --index-url "$TORCH_INDEX_URL"; \
-     else \
-       uv pip install --system torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url "$TORCH_INDEX_URL"; \
-     fi \
-  && uv pip install --system . \
-    https://github.com/explosion/spacy-models/releases/download/en_core_web_sm-3.8.0/en_core_web_sm-3.8.0-py3-none-any.whl \
-  && uv pip install --system "mutagen>=1.47.0"
-
 COPY abogen ./abogen
 
+RUN pip install --upgrade pip \
+  && if [ -n "$TORCH_VERSION" ]; then \
+       pip install torch=="$TORCH_VERSION" torchvision=="$TORCH_VERSION" torchaudio=="$TORCH_VERSION" --index-url "$TORCH_INDEX_URL"; \
+     else \
+       pip install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url "$TORCH_INDEX_URL"; \
+     fi \
+  && pip install --no-cache-dir . \
+    https://github.com/explosion/spacy-models/releases/download/en_core_web_sm-3.8.0/en_core_web_sm-3.8.0-py3-none-any.whl \
+  && pip install --no-cache-dir "mutagen>=1.47.0"
+
 # Install onnxruntime-gpu for CUDA acceleration (supertonic uses ONNX Runtime)
 # Set USE_GPU=false to skip this for CPU-only deployments
 RUN if [ "$USE_GPU" = "true" ]; then \
-      uv pip install --system onnxruntime-gpu; \
+      pip install --no-cache-dir onnxruntime-gpu; \
     fi
 
 ENV ABOGEN_HOST=0.0.0.0 \

abogen/webui/app.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import atexit
 import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -7,8 +8,6 @@ from typing import Any, Optional
 
 from flask import Flask
 
-from abogen import shutdown  # noqa: F401
-shutdown.register_shutdown()
 from abogen.utils import get_user_cache_path, get_user_output_path, get_user_settings_dir
 
 from .conversion_runner import run_conversion_job
@@ -114,6 +113,8 @@ def create_app(config: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None) -> Flask:
     app.register_blueprint(books_bp, url_prefix="/find-books")
     app.register_blueprint(api_bp, url_prefix="/api")
 
+    atexit.register(service.shutdown)
+
     global _access_log_filter_attached
     if not _access_log_filter_attached:
         logging.getLogger("werkzeug").addFilter(_SuppressSuccessfulAccessFilter())

abogen/webui/conversion_runner.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import numpy as np
 import soundfile as sf
 import static_ffmpeg
 
-from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import get_voices, is_plugin_registered, resolve_voice_to_plugin
+from abogen.constants import VOICES_INTERNAL
 from abogen.epub3.exporter import build_epub3_package
 from abogen.kokoro_text_normalization import ApostropheConfig, normalize_for_pipeline, HAS_NUM2WORDS
 from abogen.normalization_settings import (
@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ from abogen.utils import (
     get_user_cache_path,
     get_user_output_path,
     load_config,
+    load_numpy_kpipeline,
 )
-from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import create_pipeline
 from abogen.voice_cache import ensure_voice_assets
 from abogen.voice_formulas import extract_voice_ids, get_new_voice
 from abogen.voice_profiles import load_profiles, normalize_profile_entry
 from abogen.pronunciation_store import increment_usage
 from abogen.llm_client import LLMClientError
-
+from abogen.tts_supertonic import DEFAULT_SUPERTONIC_VOICES, SupertonicPipeline
 
 from .service import Job, JobStatus
 
@@ -56,26 +56,25 @@ SAMPLE_RATE = 24000
 
 
 def _supertonic_voice_from_spec(spec: Any, fallback: str) -> str:
-    """Normalize a voice specification for Supertonic.
-
-    This function only performs Supertonic-specific normalization (uppercase conversion
-    and fallback handling). Backend resolution is handled by the registry.
-    """
     raw = str(spec or "").strip()
     fallback_raw = str(fallback or "").strip()
 
-    # Normalize to uppercase for Supertonic voice IDs
+    # Supertonic voices are discrete IDs (M1/F3/...). If we see a Kokoro mix
-    upper = raw.upper() if raw else ""
+    # formula (contains '*' or '+'), ignore it and fall back to a safe voice.
+    if not raw or "*" in raw or "+" in raw:
+        raw = fallback_raw
+    if not raw or "*" in raw or "+" in raw:
+        raw = "M1"
 
-    # If empty or contains formula characters, use fallback
+    upper = raw.upper()
-    if not upper or "*" in upper or "+" in upper:
+    if upper in DEFAULT_SUPERTONIC_VOICES:
-        upper = fallback_raw.upper() if fallback_raw else ""
+        return upper
 
-    # If still empty, use default Supertonic voice
+    fallback_upper = fallback_raw.upper() if fallback_raw else ""
-    if not upper or "*" in upper or "+" in upper:
+    if fallback_upper in DEFAULT_SUPERTONIC_VOICES:
-        upper = "M1"
+        return fallback_upper
 
-    return upper
+    return "M1"
 
 
 def _split_speaker_reference(value: Any) -> tuple[Optional[str], str]:
@@ -119,7 +118,15 @@ def _formula_from_kokoro_entry(entry: Mapping[str, Any]) -> str:
 
 
 def _infer_provider_from_spec(value: Any, fallback: str = "kokoro") -> str:
-    return resolve_voice_to_plugin(str(value or ""), fallback=fallback)
+    raw = str(value or "").strip()
+    if not raw:
+        return fallback
+    upper = raw.upper()
+    if upper in DEFAULT_SUPERTONIC_VOICES:
+        return "supertonic"
+    if "*" in raw or "+" in raw:
+        return "kokoro"
+    return fallback
 
 
 class _JobCancelled(Exception):
@@ -568,7 +575,7 @@ def _spec_to_voice_ids(spec: Any) -> Set[str]:
             return set(extract_voice_ids(text))
         except ValueError:
             return set()
-    if text in get_voices("kokoro"):
+    if text in VOICES_INTERNAL:
         return {text}
     return set()
 
@@ -632,7 +639,7 @@ def _collect_required_voice_ids(job: Job) -> Set[str]:
             for key in ("resolved_voice", "voice_formula", "voice"):
                 voices.update(_spec_to_voice_ids(payload.get(key)))
 
-    voices.update(get_voices("kokoro"))
+    voices.update(VOICES_INTERNAL)
     return voices
 
 
@@ -1566,7 +1573,7 @@ def run_conversion_job(job: Job) -> None:
         def get_pipeline(provider: str) -> Any:
             nonlocal kokoro_cache_ready
             provider_norm = str(provider or "kokoro").strip().lower() or "kokoro"
-            if not is_plugin_registered(provider_norm):
+            if provider_norm not in {"kokoro", "supertonic"}:
                 provider_norm = "kokoro"
 
             existing = pipelines.get(provider_norm)
@@ -1574,8 +1581,10 @@ def run_conversion_job(job: Job) -> None:
                 return existing
 
             if provider_norm == "supertonic":
-                pipelines[provider_norm] = create_pipeline(
+                pipelines[provider_norm] = SupertonicPipeline(
-                    "supertonic",
+                    sample_rate=SAMPLE_RATE,
+                    auto_download=True,
+                    total_steps=int(getattr(job, "supertonic_total_steps", 8) or 8),
                 )
                 return pipelines[provider_norm]
 
@@ -1585,12 +1594,16 @@ def run_conversion_job(job: Job) -> None:
             device = "cpu"
             if not disable_gpu:
                 device = _select_device()
-            # Create KPipeline instance directly (uses new Plugin Architecture)
+            _np, KPipeline = load_numpy_kpipeline()
-            pipelines[provider_norm] = create_pipeline(
+            # Try to initialize with the selected device; fall back to CPU if CUDA fails
-                "kokoro",
+            try:
-                lang_code=job.language,
+                pipelines[provider_norm] = KPipeline(lang_code=job.language, repo_id="hexgrad/Kokoro-82M", device=device)
-                device=device
+            except RuntimeError as e:
-            )
+                if "CUDA" in str(e) and device != "cpu":
+                    job.add_log(f"CUDA initialization failed, falling back to CPU: {e}", level="warning")
+                    pipelines[provider_norm] = KPipeline(lang_code=job.language, repo_id="hexgrad/Kokoro-82M", device="cpu")
+                else:
+                    raise
             if not kokoro_cache_ready:
                 _initialize_voice_cache(job)
                 kokoro_cache_ready = True
@@ -1605,7 +1618,7 @@ def run_conversion_job(job: Job) -> None:
                 provider = str(entry.get("provider") or "kokoro").strip().lower() or "kokoro"
                 if provider == "supertonic":
                     voice = str(entry.get("voice") or getattr(job, "voice", "M1") or "M1").strip() or "M1"
-                    steps = int(entry.get("total_steps") or getattr(job, "supertonic_total_steps", 5) or 5)
+                    steps = int(entry.get("total_steps") or getattr(job, "supertonic_total_steps", 8) or 8)
                     speed = float(entry.get("speed") or getattr(job, "speed", 1.0) or 1.0)
                     return "supertonic", _supertonic_voice_from_spec(voice, getattr(job, "voice", "M1")), speed, steps
                 formula = _formula_from_kokoro_entry(entry)
@@ -1621,7 +1634,7 @@ def run_conversion_job(job: Job) -> None:
             """Resolve a raw voice spec into (provider, resolved_spec, choice, speed, steps).
 
             For Kokoro formulas, `choice` will be a resolved voice tensor (via `voice_formulas`).
-            For SuperTonic, `choice` will be a valid SuperTonic voice id.
+            For Supertonic, `choice` will be a valid Supertonic voice id.
             """
 
             provider, resolved, speed, steps = resolve_voice_target(raw_spec)
@@ -1631,8 +1644,8 @@ def run_conversion_job(job: Job) -> None:
                 return provider, resolved, cached, speed, steps
 
             if provider == "kokoro":
-                kokoro_backend = get_pipeline("kokoro")
+                kokoro_pipeline = get_pipeline("kokoro")
-                choice = _resolve_voice(kokoro_backend, resolved, job.use_gpu)
+                choice = _resolve_voice(kokoro_pipeline, resolved, job.use_gpu)
             else:
                 choice = resolved
 
@@ -1761,8 +1774,8 @@ def run_conversion_job(job: Job) -> None:
         voice_cache: Dict[str, Any] = {}
         base_provider, base_voice_resolved, _, _ = resolve_voice_target(base_voice_spec)
         if base_provider == "kokoro" and base_voice_resolved and "*" not in base_voice_resolved:
-            kokoro_backend = get_pipeline("kokoro")
+            kokoro_pipeline = get_pipeline("kokoro")
-            voice_cache[f"kokoro:{base_voice_resolved}"] = _resolve_voice(kokoro_backend, base_voice_resolved, job.use_gpu)
+            voice_cache[f"kokoro:{base_voice_resolved}"] = _resolve_voice(kokoro_pipeline, base_voice_resolved, job.use_gpu)
         processed_chars = 0
         subtitle_index = 1
         current_time = 0.0
@@ -1792,8 +1805,8 @@ def run_conversion_job(job: Job) -> None:
                     fallback_key = next(iter(voice_cache.keys()), "")
                     if fallback_key and fallback_key != "__custom_mix":
                         intro_voice_spec = fallback_key.split(":", 1)[-1]
-                if not intro_voice_spec:
+                if not intro_voice_spec and VOICES_INTERNAL:
-                    intro_voice_spec = get_default_voice("kokoro")
+                    intro_voice_spec = VOICES_INTERNAL[0]
 
                 if intro_voice_spec:
                     intro_provider, _, intro_voice_choice, intro_speed, intro_steps = resolve_voice_choice(
@@ -1844,62 +1857,56 @@ def run_conversion_job(job: Job) -> None:
                     voice=voice_name,
                     speed=float(speed_override if speed_override is not None else job.speed),
                     split_pattern=split_pattern,
-                    total_steps=int(supertonic_steps_override if supertonic_steps_override is not None else getattr(job, "supertonic_total_steps", 5)),
+                    total_steps=int(supertonic_steps_override if supertonic_steps_override is not None else getattr(job, "supertonic_total_steps", 8)),
                 )
             else:
-                kokoro_backend = get_pipeline("kokoro")
+                kokoro_pipeline = get_pipeline("kokoro")
-                segment_iter = kokoro_backend(
+                segment_iter = kokoro_pipeline(
                     normalized,
                     voice=voice_choice,
                     speed=float(speed_override if speed_override is not None else job.speed),
                     split_pattern=split_pattern,
                 )
 
-            try:
+            for segment in segment_iter:
-                for segment in segment_iter:
+                canceller()
-                    canceller()
+                graphemes_raw = getattr(segment, "graphemes", "") or ""
-                    graphemes_raw = getattr(segment, "graphemes", "") or ""
+                graphemes = graphemes_raw.strip()
-                    graphemes = graphemes_raw.strip()
 
-                    audio = _to_float32(getattr(segment, "audio", None))
+                audio = _to_float32(getattr(segment, "audio", None))
-                    if audio.size == 0:
+                if audio.size == 0:
-                        continue
+                    continue
 
-                    local_segments += 1
+                local_segments += 1
-                    if chapter_sink:
+                if chapter_sink:
-                        chapter_sink.write(audio)
+                    chapter_sink.write(audio)
-                    if audio_sink:
+                if audio_sink:
-                        audio_sink.write(audio)
+                    audio_sink.write(audio)
 
-                    duration = len(audio) / SAMPLE_RATE
+                duration = len(audio) / SAMPLE_RATE
-                    processed_chars += len(graphemes)
+                processed_chars += len(graphemes)
-                    job.processed_characters = processed_chars
+                job.processed_characters = processed_chars
-                    if job.total_characters:
+                if job.total_characters:
-                        job.progress = min(processed_chars / job.total_characters, 0.999)
+                    job.progress = min(processed_chars / job.total_characters, 0.999)
-                    else:
+                else:
-                        job.progress = 0.0 if processed_chars == 0 else 0.999
+                    job.progress = 0.0 if processed_chars == 0 else 0.999
 
-                    preview_text = graphemes or (graphemes_raw[:80] if graphemes_raw else "[silence]")
+                preview_text = graphemes or (graphemes_raw[:80] if graphemes_raw else "[silence]")
-                    prefix = f"{preview_prefix} · " if preview_prefix else ""
+                prefix = f"{preview_prefix} · " if preview_prefix else ""
-                    job.add_log(f"{prefix}{processed_chars:,}/{job.total_characters or '—'}: {preview_text[:80]}")
+                job.add_log(f"{prefix}{processed_chars:,}/{job.total_characters or '—'}: {preview_text[:80]}")
 
-                    if subtitle_writer and audio_sink and graphemes:
+                if subtitle_writer and audio_sink and graphemes:
-                        subtitle_writer.write_segment(
+                    subtitle_writer.write_segment(
-                            index=subtitle_index,
+                        index=subtitle_index,
-                            text=graphemes,
+                        text=graphemes,
-                            start=current_time,
+                        start=current_time,
-                            end=current_time + duration,
+                        end=current_time + duration,
-                        )
+                    )
-                        subtitle_index += 1
+                    subtitle_index += 1
 
-                    if audio_sink:
+                if audio_sink:
-                        current_time += duration
+                    current_time += duration
 
-            except OverflowError as exc:
-                job.add_log(
-                    f"Skipped chunk — number too large for TTS conversion: {exc}",
-                    level="warning",
-                )
             return local_segments
 
         def append_silence(
@@ -1943,8 +1950,8 @@ def run_conversion_job(job: Job) -> None:
             if chapter_provider == "kokoro":
                 voice_choice = voice_cache.get(chapter_cache_key)
                 if voice_choice is None:
-                    kokoro_backend = get_pipeline("kokoro")
+                    kokoro_pipeline = get_pipeline("kokoro")
-                    voice_choice = _resolve_voice(kokoro_backend, chapter_voice_resolved, job.use_gpu)
+                    voice_choice = _resolve_voice(kokoro_pipeline, chapter_voice_resolved, job.use_gpu)
                     voice_cache[chapter_cache_key] = voice_choice
             else:
                 voice_choice = chapter_voice_resolved
@@ -2088,9 +2095,9 @@ def run_conversion_job(job: Job) -> None:
                         if chunk_provider == "kokoro":
                             chunk_voice_choice = voice_cache.get(chunk_cache_key)
                             if chunk_voice_choice is None:
-                                kokoro_backend = get_pipeline("kokoro")
+                                kokoro_pipeline = get_pipeline("kokoro")
                                 chunk_voice_choice = _resolve_voice(
-                                    kokoro_backend,
+                                    kokoro_pipeline,
                                     chunk_voice_resolved,
                                     job.use_gpu,
                                 )
@@ -2232,8 +2239,8 @@ def run_conversion_job(job: Job) -> None:
                 if fallback_key and fallback_key != "__custom_mix":
                     # `voice_cache` keys are internal and include provider prefixes.
                     outro_voice_spec = fallback_key.split(":", 1)[-1]
-            if not outro_voice_spec:
+            if not outro_voice_spec and VOICES_INTERNAL:
-                outro_voice_spec = get_default_voice("kokoro")
+                outro_voice_spec = VOICES_INTERNAL[0]
 
             if outro_text and outro_voice_spec:
                 outro_start_time = current_time
@@ -2405,11 +2412,6 @@ def run_conversion_job(job: Job) -> None:
 
         # Explicitly release the pipeline and force garbage collection to prevent
         # memory accumulation in the worker process, which can lead to host lockups.
-        for p in pipelines.values():
-            try:
-                p.dispose()
-            except Exception:
-                pass
         pipelines.clear()
         pipeline = None
         gc.collect()
@@ -2443,14 +2445,17 @@ def _load_pipeline(job: Job):
     disable_gpu = not job.use_gpu or not cfg.get("use_gpu", True)
     provider = str(getattr(job, "tts_provider", "kokoro") or "kokoro").strip().lower()
     if provider == "supertonic":
-        return create_pipeline(
+        return SupertonicPipeline(
-            "supertonic",
+            sample_rate=SAMPLE_RATE,
+            auto_download=True,
+            total_steps=int(getattr(job, "supertonic_total_steps", 8) or 8),
         )
 
     device = "cpu"
     if not disable_gpu:
         device = _select_device()
-    return create_pipeline("kokoro", lang_code=job.language, device=device)
+    _np, KPipeline = load_numpy_kpipeline()
+    return KPipeline(lang_code=job.language, repo_id="hexgrad/Kokoro-82M", device=device)
 
 
 def _select_device() -> str:
@@ -2605,7 +2610,7 @@ def _build_ffmpeg_command(path: Path, fmt: str, metadata: Optional[Dict[str, str
 def _resolve_voice(pipeline, voice_spec: str, use_gpu: bool):
     if "*" in voice_spec:
         # Voice formulas are a Kokoro-only feature (they require a pipeline that can
-        # load individual Kokoro voices). When running with SuperTonic (or when the
+        # load individual Kokoro voices). When running with Supertonic (or when the
         # pipeline is otherwise unavailable), treat the spec as a plain string and
         # allow downstream provider-specific resolution to choose a safe fallback.
         if pipeline is None or not hasattr(pipeline, "load_single_voice"):

abogen/webui/debug_tts_runner.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from abogen.normalization_settings import build_apostrophe_config
 from abogen.text_extractor import extract_from_path
 from abogen.voice_cache import ensure_voice_assets
 from abogen.webui.conversion_runner import SAMPLE_RATE, SPLIT_PATTERN, _select_device, _to_float32, _resolve_voice, _spec_to_voice_ids
-from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import create_pipeline
+from abogen.utils import load_numpy_kpipeline
 
 
 _MARKER_RE = re.compile(re.escape(MARKER_PREFIX) + r"(?P<code>[A-Z0-9_]+)" + re.escape(MARKER_SUFFIX))
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ def _load_pipeline(language: str, use_gpu: bool) -> Any:
     device = "cpu"
     if use_gpu:
         device = _select_device()
-    return create_pipeline("kokoro", lang_code=language, device=device)
+    _np, KPipeline = load_numpy_kpipeline()
+    return KPipeline(lang_code=language, repo_id="hexgrad/Kokoro-82M", device=device)
 
 
 def _extract_cases_from_text(text: str) -> List[Tuple[str, str]]:
@@ -247,8 +248,4 @@ def run_debug_tts_wavs(
         "sample_rate": SAMPLE_RATE,
     }
     (run_dir / "manifest.json").write_text(json.dumps(manifest, indent=2), encoding="utf-8")
-    try:
-        pipeline.dispose()
-    except Exception:
-        pass
     return manifest

abogen/webui/routes/api.py

@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ from abogen.normalization_settings import (
 )
 from abogen.llm_client import list_models, LLMClientError
 from abogen.kokoro_text_normalization import normalize_for_pipeline
-from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import is_plugin_registered
 from abogen.integrations.audiobookshelf import AudiobookshelfClient, AudiobookshelfConfig
 from abogen.integrations.calibre_opds import (
     CalibreOPDSClient,
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ def api_save_voice_profile() -> ResponseReturnValue:
     if profile is None:
         # Speaker Studio payload format
         provider = str(payload.get("provider") or "kokoro").strip().lower()
-        if not is_plugin_registered(provider):
+        if provider not in {"kokoro", "supertonic"}:
             provider = "kokoro"
         if provider == "supertonic":
             profile = {
@@ -163,7 +162,7 @@ def api_voice_profiles_preview() -> ResponseReturnValue:
     formula = str(payload.get("formula") or "").strip()
     profile_name = str(payload.get("profile") or "").strip()
     provider = str(payload.get("tts_provider") or payload.get("provider") or "").strip().lower() or None
-    supertonic_total_steps = int(payload.get("supertonic_total_steps") or payload.get("total_steps") or settings.get("supertonic_total_steps") or 5)
+    supertonic_total_steps = int(payload.get("supertonic_total_steps") or payload.get("total_steps") or settings.get("supertonic_total_steps") or 8)
 
     voice_spec = ""
     resolved_provider = provider or "kokoro"
@@ -225,13 +224,13 @@ def api_speaker_preview() -> ResponseReturnValue:
     speed_value = payload.get("speed")
     speed = coerce_float(speed_value, 1.0)
     tts_provider = str(payload.get("tts_provider") or "").strip().lower()
-    supertonic_total_steps = int(payload.get("supertonic_total_steps") or 5)
+    supertonic_total_steps = int(payload.get("supertonic_total_steps") or 8)
     
     settings = load_settings()
     use_gpu = settings.get("use_gpu", False)
 
     base_spec, speaker_name = split_profile_spec(voice)
-    resolved_provider = tts_provider if is_plugin_registered(tts_provider) else ""
+    resolved_provider = tts_provider if tts_provider in {"kokoro", "supertonic"} else ""
 
     if speaker_name:
         entry = normalize_profile_entry(load_profiles().get(speaker_name))
@@ -270,7 +269,7 @@ def api_speaker_preview() -> ResponseReturnValue:
             use_gpu=use_gpu
             ,
             tts_provider=resolved_provider,
-            supertonic_total_steps=supertonic_total_steps or int(settings.get("supertonic_total_steps") or 5),
+            supertonic_total_steps=supertonic_total_steps or int(settings.get("supertonic_total_steps") or 8),
             pronunciation_overrides=pronunciation_overrides,
             manual_overrides=manual_overrides,
             speakers=speakers,

abogen/webui/routes/settings.py

@@ -43,8 +43,12 @@ def update_settings() -> ResponseReturnValue:
     current["language"] = (form.get("language") or "en").strip()
     current["default_speaker"] = (form.get("default_speaker") or "").strip()
     current["default_voice"] = (form.get("default_voice") or "").strip()
+    provider = str(form.get("tts_provider") or "kokoro").strip().lower()
+    if provider in {"kokoro", "supertonic"}:
+        current["tts_provider"] = provider
     try:
-        current["supertonic_total_steps"] = max(2, min(15, int(form.get("supertonic_total_steps", current.get("supertonic_total_steps", 5)))))
+        total_steps = int(form.get("supertonic_total_steps", current.get("supertonic_total_steps", 8)))
+        current["supertonic_total_steps"] = max(2, min(15, total_steps))
     except (TypeError, ValueError):
         pass
     try:

abogen/webui/routes/utils/form.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ from flask.typing import ResponseReturnValue
 
 from abogen.webui.service import PendingJob, JobStatus
 from abogen.webui.routes.utils.service import get_service
-from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import is_plugin_registered
 from abogen.webui.routes.utils.settings import (
     load_settings,
     coerce_bool,
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ from abogen.webui.routes.utils.common import split_profile_spec
 from abogen.utils import calculate_text_length
 from abogen.voice_profiles import serialize_profiles, normalize_profile_entry
 from abogen.chunking import ChunkLevel, build_chunks_for_chapters
-from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import get_default_voice
+from abogen.constants import VOICES_INTERNAL
 from abogen.speaker_configs import get_config
 from abogen.kokoro_text_normalization import normalize_roman_numeral_titles
 from dataclasses import dataclass
@@ -578,9 +577,9 @@ def apply_book_step_form(
     # NOTE: Do not auto-set a global TTS provider at the book level based on the
     # narrator defaults. Provider is resolved per-speaker/per-chunk from the voice
     # spec (e.g. "speaker:Name" for saved speakers, or a Kokoro mix formula).
-    # This enables mixed-provider conversions (e.g. narrator=SuperTonic, characters=Kokoro).
+    # This enables mixed-provider conversions (e.g. narrator=Supertonic, characters=Kokoro).
     provider_value = str(form.get("tts_provider") or "").strip().lower()
-    if is_plugin_registered(provider_value):
+    if provider_value in {"kokoro", "supertonic"}:
         pending.tts_provider = provider_value
 
     # Determine the base speaker selection (saved speaker ref or raw voice).
@@ -617,8 +616,8 @@ def apply_book_step_form(
         custom_formula = ""
 
     base_voice_spec = resolved_default_voice or narrator_voice_raw
-    if not base_voice_spec:
+    if not base_voice_spec and VOICES_INTERNAL:
-        base_voice_spec = get_default_voice("kokoro")
+        base_voice_spec = VOICES_INTERNAL[0]
 
     voice_choice, resolved_language, selected_profile = resolve_voice_choice(
         pending.language,
@@ -797,8 +796,8 @@ def build_pending_job_from_extraction(
         profile_selection = inferred_profile
 
     base_voice = base_voice_input or resolved_default_voice or str(default_voice_setting).strip()
-    if not base_voice:
+    if not base_voice and VOICES_INTERNAL:
-        base_voice = get_default_voice("kokoro")
+        base_voice = VOICES_INTERNAL[0]
     selected_speaker_config = (form.get("speaker_config") or "").strip()
     speaker_config_payload = get_config(selected_speaker_config) if selected_speaker_config else None
 
@@ -914,6 +913,15 @@ def build_pending_job_from_extraction(
         else:
             normalization_overrides[key] = default_val
 
+    provider_value = str(form.get("tts_provider") or "").strip().lower()
+    if provider_value not in {"kokoro", "supertonic"}:
+        provider_value = settings.get("tts_provider", "kokoro")
+    try:
+        total_steps = int(form.get("supertonic_total_steps", settings.get("supertonic_total_steps", 8)))
+        supertonic_steps = max(2, min(15, total_steps))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        supertonic_steps = int(settings.get("supertonic_total_steps", 8))
+
     pending = PendingJob(
         id=uuid.uuid4().hex,
         original_filename=original_name,
@@ -929,6 +937,8 @@ def build_pending_job_from_extraction(
         replace_single_newlines=replace_single_newlines,
         subtitle_format=subtitle_format,
         total_characters=total_chars,
+        tts_provider=provider_value,
+        supertonic_total_steps=supertonic_steps,
         save_chapters_separately=save_chapters_separately,
         merge_chapters_at_end=merge_chapters_at_end,
         separate_chapters_format=separate_chapters_format,

abogen/webui/routes/utils/preview.py

@@ -14,17 +14,6 @@ _preview_pipelines: Dict[Tuple[str, str], Any] = {}
 _preview_pipeline_lock = threading.Lock()
 
 
-def clear_preview_pipelines() -> None:
-    """Dispose all cached preview pipelines and clear the cache."""
-    with _preview_pipeline_lock:
-        for pipeline in _preview_pipelines.values():
-            try:
-                pipeline.dispose()
-            except Exception:
-                pass
-        _preview_pipelines.clear()
-
-
 def _select_device() -> str:
     import platform
 
@@ -89,9 +78,10 @@ def get_preview_pipeline(language: str, device: str) -> Any:
         pipeline = _preview_pipelines.get(key)
         if pipeline is not None:
             return pipeline
-        from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import create_pipeline
+        from abogen.utils import load_numpy_kpipeline
 
-        pipeline = create_pipeline("kokoro", lang_code=language, device=device)
+        _, KPipeline = load_numpy_kpipeline()
+        pipeline = KPipeline(lang_code=language, repo_id="hexgrad/Kokoro-82M", device=device)
         _preview_pipelines[key] = pipeline
         return pipeline
 
@@ -102,7 +92,7 @@ def generate_preview_audio(
     speed: float,
     use_gpu: bool,
     tts_provider: str = "kokoro",
-    supertonic_total_steps: int = 5,
+    supertonic_total_steps: int = 8,
     max_seconds: float = 8.0,
     pronunciation_overrides: Optional[Iterable[Mapping[str, Any]]] = None,
     manual_overrides: Optional[Iterable[Mapping[str, Any]]] = None,
@@ -147,9 +137,9 @@ def generate_preview_audio(
             normalized_text = source_text
 
     if provider == "supertonic":
-        from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import create_pipeline
+        from abogen.tts_supertonic import SupertonicPipeline
 
-        pipeline = create_pipeline("supertonic")
+        pipeline = SupertonicPipeline(sample_rate=SAMPLE_RATE, auto_download=True, total_steps=supertonic_total_steps)
         segments = pipeline(
             normalized_text,
             voice=voice_spec,
@@ -211,7 +201,7 @@ def synthesize_preview(
     speed: float,
     use_gpu: bool,
     tts_provider: str = "kokoro",
-    supertonic_total_steps: int = 5,
+    supertonic_total_steps: int = 8,
     max_seconds: float = 8.0,
     pronunciation_overrides: Optional[Iterable[Mapping[str, Any]]] = None,
     manual_overrides: Optional[Iterable[Mapping[str, Any]]] = None,

abogen/webui/routes/utils/service.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def submit_job(pending: PendingJob) -> str:
         tts_provider=getattr(pending, "tts_provider", "kokoro"),
         voice=pending.voice,
         speed=pending.speed,
-        supertonic_total_steps=getattr(pending, "supertonic_total_steps", 5),
+        supertonic_total_steps=getattr(pending, "supertonic_total_steps", 8),
         use_gpu=pending.use_gpu,
         subtitle_mode=pending.subtitle_mode,
         output_format=pending.output_format,

abogen/webui/routes/utils/settings.py

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ from abogen.constants import (
     LANGUAGE_DESCRIPTIONS,
     SUBTITLE_FORMATS,
     SUPPORTED_SOUND_FORMATS,
+    VOICES_INTERNAL,
 )
-from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import get_default_voice
 from abogen.normalization_settings import (
     DEFAULT_LLM_PROMPT,
     environment_llm_defaults,
@@ -174,8 +174,9 @@ def settings_defaults() -> Dict[str, Any]:
         "subtitle_format": "srt",
         "save_mode": "default_output" if has_output_override() else "save_next_to_input",
         "default_speaker": "",
-        "default_voice": get_default_voice("kokoro"),
+        "default_voice": VOICES_INTERNAL[0] if VOICES_INTERNAL else "",
-        "supertonic_total_steps": 5,
+        "tts_provider": "kokoro",
+        "supertonic_total_steps": 8,
         "supertonic_speed": 1.0,
         "replace_single_newlines": False,
         "use_gpu": True,

abogen/webui/routes/utils/voice.py

@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ from abogen.constants import (
     SUPPORTED_SOUND_FORMATS,
     SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES_FOR_SUBTITLE_GENERATION,
     SAMPLE_VOICE_TEXTS,
+    VOICES_INTERNAL,
 )
-from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import get_voices
 from abogen.speaker_configs import list_configs
-from abogen.tts_plugin.utils import create_pipeline
+from abogen.utils import load_numpy_kpipeline
 from abogen.webui.conversion_runner import _select_device, _to_float32, SAMPLE_RATE, SPLIT_PATTERN
 
 _preview_pipeline_lock = threading.RLock()
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ def filter_voice_catalog(
 def build_voice_catalog() -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
     catalog: List[Dict[str, str]] = []
     gender_map = {"f": "Female", "m": "Male"}
-    for voice_id in get_voices("kokoro"):
+    for voice_id in VOICES_INTERNAL:
         prefix, _, rest = voice_id.partition("_")
         language_code = prefix[0] if prefix else "a"
         gender_code = prefix[1] if len(prefix) > 1 else ""
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ def template_options() -> Dict[str, Any]:
     voice_catalog = build_voice_catalog()
     return {
         "languages": LANGUAGE_DESCRIPTIONS,
-        "voices": get_voices("kokoro"),
+        "voices": VOICES_INTERNAL,
         "subtitle_formats": SUBTITLE_FORMATS,
         "supported_langs_for_subs": SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES_FOR_SUBTITLE_GENERATION,
         "output_formats": SUPPORTED_SOUND_FORMATS,
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ def resolve_voice_choice(
 
         # Provider-aware behavior:
         # - Kokoro profiles typically represent mixes (formula strings).
-        # - SuperTonic profiles represent a discrete voice id + settings.
+        # - Supertonic profiles represent a discrete voice id + settings.
         #   In that case, we return a speaker reference so downstream can
         #   resolve provider per-speaker and allow mixed-provider casting.
         if provider == "supertonic":
@@ -741,7 +741,8 @@ def get_preview_pipeline(language: str, device: str):
         pipeline = _preview_pipelines.get(key)
         if pipeline is not None:
             return pipeline
-        pipeline = create_pipeline("kokoro", lang_code=language, device=device)
+        _, KPipeline = load_numpy_kpipeline()
+        pipeline = KPipeline(lang_code=language, repo_id="hexgrad/Kokoro-82M", device=device)
         _preview_pipelines[key] = pipeline
         return pipeline
 

abogen/webui/routes/voices.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from abogen.speaker_configs import (
     save_configs,
     delete_config,
 )
-
+from abogen.constants import VOICES_INTERNAL
 
 voices_bp = Blueprint("voices", __name__)
 

abogen/webui/service.py

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ class Job:
     subtitle_format: str
     created_at: float
     tts_provider: str = "kokoro"
-    supertonic_total_steps: int = 5
+    supertonic_total_steps: int = 8
     save_chapters_separately: bool = False
     merge_chapters_at_end: bool = True
     separate_chapters_format: str = "wav"
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ class Job:
             "queue_position": self.queue_position,
             "options": {
                 "tts_provider": getattr(self, "tts_provider", "kokoro"),
-                "supertonic_total_steps": getattr(self, "supertonic_total_steps", 5),
+                "supertonic_total_steps": getattr(self, "supertonic_total_steps", 8),
                 "save_chapters_separately": self.save_chapters_separately,
                 "merge_chapters_at_end": self.merge_chapters_at_end,
                 "separate_chapters_format": self.separate_chapters_format,
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ class PendingJob:
     normalization_overrides: Dict[str, Any]
     created_at: float
     tts_provider: str = "kokoro"
-    supertonic_total_steps: int = 5
+    supertonic_total_steps: int = 8
     cover_image_path: Optional[Path] = None
     cover_image_mime: Optional[str] = None
     chapter_intro_delay: float = 0.5
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ class ConversionService:
         voice: str,
         speed: float,
         tts_provider: str = "kokoro",
-        supertonic_total_steps: int = 5,
+        supertonic_total_steps: int = 8,
         use_gpu: bool,
         subtitle_mode: str,
         output_format: str,
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ class ConversionService:
             voice=voice,
             speed=speed,
             tts_provider=tts_provider,
-            supertonic_total_steps=int(supertonic_total_steps or 5),
+            supertonic_total_steps=int(supertonic_total_steps or 8),
             use_gpu=use_gpu,
             subtitle_mode=subtitle_mode,
             output_format=output_format,
@@ -1147,7 +1147,7 @@ class ConversionService:
             "tts_provider": getattr(job, "tts_provider", "kokoro"),
             "voice": job.voice,
             "speed": job.speed,
-            "supertonic_total_steps": getattr(job, "supertonic_total_steps", 5),
+            "supertonic_total_steps": getattr(job, "supertonic_total_steps", 8),
             "use_gpu": job.use_gpu,
             "subtitle_mode": job.subtitle_mode,
             "output_format": job.output_format,
@@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ class ConversionService:
             replace_single_newlines=bool(payload.get("replace_single_newlines", False)),
             subtitle_format=payload.get("subtitle_format", "srt"),
             created_at=float(payload.get("created_at", time.time())),
-            supertonic_total_steps=int(payload.get("supertonic_total_steps", 5)),
+            supertonic_total_steps=int(payload.get("supertonic_total_steps", 8)),
             save_chapters_separately=bool(payload.get("save_chapters_separately", False)),
             merge_chapters_at_end=bool(payload.get("merge_chapters_at_end", True)),
             separate_chapters_format=payload.get("separate_chapters_format", "wav"),
@@ -1609,12 +1609,10 @@ def build_service(
     output_root: Optional[Path] = None,
     uploads_root: Optional[Path] = None,
 ) -> ConversionService:
-    global _service_instance
     output_root = output_root or default_storage_root()
     service = ConversionService(
         output_root=output_root,
         uploads_root=uploads_root,
         runner=runner,
     )
-    _service_instance = service
     return service

abogen/webui/templates/partials/new_job_step_book.html

@@ -26,6 +26,26 @@
     {% set subtitle_value = settings_dict.get('subtitle_mode', 'Disabled') %}
   {% endif %}
 {% endif %}
+{% set tts_provider_value = form_values.get('tts_provider') if form_values else None %}
+{% if not tts_provider_value %}
+  {% if pending and pending.tts_provider %}
+    {% set tts_provider_value = pending.tts_provider %}
+  {% else %}
+    {% set tts_provider_value = settings_dict.get('tts_provider', 'kokoro') %}
+  {% endif %}
+{% endif %}
+{% set supertonic_steps_value = form_values.get('supertonic_total_steps') if form_values else None %}
+{% if supertonic_steps_value is none %}
+  {% if pending and pending.supertonic_total_steps is not none %}
+    {% set supertonic_steps_value = pending.supertonic_total_steps %}
+  {% else %}
+    {% set supertonic_steps_value = settings_dict.get('supertonic_total_steps', 8) %}
+  {% endif %}
+{% endif %}
+{% if supertonic_steps_value is not none and supertonic_steps_value is string %}
+  {% set supertonic_steps_value = supertonic_steps_value|int %}
+{% endif %}
+{% set is_supertonic = tts_provider_value == 'supertonic' %}
 {% set generate_flag = form_values.get('generate_epub3') if form_values else None %}
 {% if generate_flag is not none %}
   {% set generate_epub3 = True %}
@@ -273,6 +293,13 @@
       <div class="form-section__layout form-section__layout--split">
         <div class="form-section__group">
           <div class="field">
+            <label for="tts_provider">TTS Engine</label>
+            <select id="tts_provider" name="tts_provider" data-role="tts-provider" {{ 'disabled' if readonly else '' }}>
+              <option value="kokoro" {% if tts_provider_value == 'kokoro' %}selected{% endif %}>Kokoro</option>
+              <option value="supertonic" {% if tts_provider_value == 'supertonic' %}selected{% endif %}>Supertonic</option>
+            </select>
+          </div>
+          <div class="field" data-role="voice-profile-field">
             <label for="voice_profile">Voice profile</label>
             <select id="voice_profile" name="voice_profile" data-role="voice-profile" {{ 'disabled' if readonly else '' }}>
               <option value="__standard" {% if profile_value == '__standard' %}selected{% endif %}>Standard voice</option>
@@ -280,13 +307,13 @@
               {% if options.voice_profile_options %}
               <optgroup label="Saved mixes">
                 {% for profile in options.voice_profile_options %}
-                <option value="{{ profile.name }}" data-language="{{ profile.language }}" data-formula="{{ profile.formula|e }}" {% if profile_value == profile.name %}selected{% endif %}>{{ profile.name }}{% if profile.language %} ({{ profile.language|upper }}){% endif %}</option>
+                <option value="{{ profile.name }}" data-language="{{ profile.language }}" data-formula="{{ profile.formula|e }}" data-provider="{{ profile.provider|default('kokoro')|lower }}" {% if profile_value == profile.name %}selected{% endif %}>{{ profile.name }}{% if profile.language %} ({{ profile.language|upper }}){% endif %}{% if profile.provider and profile.provider|lower != 'kokoro' %} · {{ profile.provider|capitalize }}{% endif %}</option>
                 {% endfor %}
               </optgroup>
               {% endif %}
             </select>
           </div>
-          <div class="field" data-role="voice-field" {% if profile_value != '__standard' %}hidden aria-hidden="true"{% endif %}>
+          <div class="field" data-role="voice-field" data-provider="kokoro" {% if profile_value != '__standard' or is_supertonic %}hidden aria-hidden="true"{% endif %}>
             <label for="voice">Voice</label>
             <select id="voice" name="voice" data-role="voice-select" data-default="{{ narrator_voice or settings_dict.get('default_voice', '') }}" {{ 'disabled' if readonly else '' }}>
               {% for voice in options.voices %}
@@ -294,10 +321,23 @@
               {% endfor %}
             </select>
           </div>
-          <div class="field" data-conditional="formula" data-role="formula-field" {% if profile_value != '__formula' %}hidden aria-hidden="true"{% endif %}>
+          <div class="field" data-role="voice-field" data-provider="supertonic" {% if profile_value != '__standard' or not is_supertonic %}hidden aria-hidden="true"{% endif %}>
+            <label for="voice_st">Supertonic voice</label>
+            <select id="voice_st" name="voice" data-role="voice-select" data-default="{{ narrator_voice or 'M1' }}" {{ 'disabled' if readonly else '' }}>
+              {% for voice in ['M1','M2','M3','M4','M5','F1','F2','F3','F4','F5'] %}
+              <option value="{{ voice }}" {% if narrator_voice == voice and profile_value == '__standard' %}selected{% endif %}>{{ voice }}</option>
+              {% endfor %}
+            </select>
+          </div>
+          <div class="field" data-conditional="formula" data-role="formula-field" data-provider="kokoro" {% if profile_value != '__formula' or is_supertonic %}hidden aria-hidden="true"{% endif %}>
             <label for="voice_formula">Custom voice formula</label>
             <input type="text" id="voice_formula" name="voice_formula" placeholder="af_nova*0.4+am_liam*0.6" data-role="voice-formula" value="{{ voice_formula_value }}" {{ 'disabled' if readonly else '' }}>
           </div>
+          <div class="field" data-role="supertonic-steps-field" {% if not is_supertonic %}hidden aria-hidden="true"{% endif %}>
+            <label for="supertonic_total_steps">Supertonic quality (total steps)</label>
+            <input type="number" id="supertonic_total_steps" name="supertonic_total_steps" min="2" max="15" value="{{ supertonic_steps_value }}" {{ 'disabled' if readonly else '' }}>
+            <p class="hint">2 = fastest/lowest quality, 15 = slowest/highest quality.</p>
+          </div>
         </div>
         <div class="form-section__group">
           <div class="field field--slider">
@@ -423,3 +463,54 @@
     </div>
   </footer>
 </form>
+
+<script nonce="{{ csp_nonce() if csp_nonce else '' }}">
+(function() {
+  const form = document.querySelector('[data-wizard-form="true"][data-step="book"]');
+  if (!form) return;
+  const providerSelect = form.querySelector('[data-role="tts-provider"]');
+  if (!providerSelect) return;
+
+  function filterProfilesByProvider(provider) {
+    const profileSelect = form.querySelector('[data-role="voice-profile"]');
+    if (!profileSelect) return;
+    const options = profileSelect.querySelectorAll('option[data-provider]');
+    options.forEach(function(opt) {
+      const matches = !opt.dataset.provider || opt.dataset.provider === provider;
+      opt.hidden = !matches;
+      if (opt.selected && opt.hidden) {
+        opt.selected = false;
+      }
+    });
+    if (!profileSelect.value || profileSelect.selectedOptions[0]?.hidden) {
+      const firstVisible = profileSelect.querySelector('option:not([hidden])');
+      if (firstVisible) profileSelect.value = firstVisible.value;
+    }
+    profileSelect.dispatchEvent(new Event('change', { bubbles: true }));
+  }
+
+  function syncProviderUI(provider) {
+    var isSupertonic = provider === 'supertonic';
+    form.querySelectorAll('[data-role="voice-field"]').forEach(function(el) {
+      el.hidden = el.dataset.provider !== provider;
+      el.setAttribute('aria-hidden', el.hidden ? 'true' : 'false');
+    });
+    var formulaField = form.querySelector('[data-role="formula-field"]');
+    if (formulaField) {
+      formulaField.hidden = isSupertonic;
+      formulaField.setAttribute('aria-hidden', isSupertonic ? 'true' : 'false');
+    }
+    var stepsField = form.querySelector('[data-role="supertonic-steps-field"]');
+    if (stepsField) {
+      stepsField.hidden = !isSupertonic;
+      stepsField.setAttribute('aria-hidden', isSupertonic ? 'false' : 'true');
+    }
+    filterProfilesByProvider(provider);
+  }
+
+  providerSelect.addEventListener('change', function() {
+    syncProviderUI(providerSelect.value);
+  });
+  syncProviderUI(providerSelect.value);
+})();
+</script>

abogen/webui/templates/settings.html

@@ -61,6 +61,15 @@
               <p class="hint">Pick a saved speaker from Speaker Studio to use by default for new jobs.</p>
             </div>
 
+            <div class="field">
+              <label for="tts_provider">Default TTS Engine</label>
+              <select id="tts_provider" name="tts_provider">
+                <option value="kokoro" {% if settings.tts_provider == 'kokoro' %}selected{% endif %}>Kokoro</option>
+                <option value="supertonic" {% if settings.tts_provider == 'supertonic' %}selected{% endif %}>Supertonic</option>
+              </select>
+              <p class="hint">Select the default TTS engine for new jobs.</p>
+            </div>
+
             <div class="field field--wide">
               <p class="tag">Kokoro settings</p>
             </div>

docs/contributing.md

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-# Contributing to Abogen
-
-We welcome contributions to Abogen!
-
-## How to Contribute
-
-1. Fork the repository
-2. Create a branch for your feature
-3. Make your changes
-4. Write tests
-5. Submit a pull request
-
-## Code Standards
-
-- Follow PEP 8 for Python
-- Use TypeScript for JavaScript
-- Type hints required for new Python code
-- Document complex logic with comments
-
-## Plugin Architecture
-
-When contributing TTS engines, implement the **Plugin Architecture** contract.
-
-See [Developer Guide](developer-guide.md#5-adding-a-new-plugin) for:
-- Required exports (`PLUGIN_MANIFEST`, `MODEL_REQUIREMENTS`, `create_engine`)
-- Engine / EngineSession contracts
-- Capability interfaces (`VoiceLister`, `PreviewGenerator`, etc.)
-- Step-by-step plugin creation guide
-
-## Testing
-
-```bash
-# All tests
-pytest
-
-# Contract tests (architectural compliance)
-pytest tests/contracts/
-
-# Behavioral regression tests
-pytest tests/test_behavioral_regression.py
-```
-
-## Documentation
-
-- Update relevant docs in `docs/` when changing architecture or APIs
-- Add docstrings to all public functions/classes
-- Follow existing documentation style
-
-## Pull Request Checklist
-
-- [ ] Tests pass (`pytest`)
-- [ ] Code follows style guide (`ruff check`, `ruff format`)
-- [ ] Documentation updated
-- [ ] No legacy architecture references (`TTSBackend`, `register_backend`, `TTSBackendRegistry`)
-- [ ] Uses new Plugin Architecture patterns

docs/developer-guide.md

@@ -1,270 +0,0 @@
-# TTS Plugin Architecture — Architectural Reference
-
-This document describes the **stable architectural contracts** of the TTS Plugin Architecture. It documents invariants that only change when the architecture itself changes.
-
----
-
-## 1. Architecture Overview
-
-```
-┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
-│                        Host Application                         │
-│  ┌─────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐  ┌────────────────────────┐  │
-│  │ Plugin      │  │ HostContext  │  │ Plugin Discovery       │  │
-│  │ Manager     │──│ (config_dir, │  │ (plugin directories)   │  │
-│  │             │  │  logger,     │  │                        │  │
-│  │ - discover  │  │  http_client)│  └────────────────────────┘  │
-│  │ - validate  │  └──────────────┘            │                 │
-│  │ - activate  │                              ▼                 │
-│  │ - dispose   │  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
-│  └──────┬──────┘  │              Plugin Package             │   │
-│         │         │  ┌──────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐   │   │
-│         ▼         │  │ PLUGIN_      │ │ MODEL_          │   │   │
-│  ┌────────────┐   │  │ MANIFEST     │ │ REQUIREMENTS    │   │   │
-│  │   Engine   │◄──┤  │ create_engine│ │                 │   │   │
-│  └──────┬─────┘   │  └──────────────┘ └─────────────────┘   │   │
-│         │         └─────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
-│         │ createSession()                                       │
-│         ▼                                                       │
-│  ┌─────────────┐                                                │
-│  │EngineSession│                                                │
-│  └──────┬──────┘                                                │
-│         │ synthesize()                                          │
-│         ▼                                                       │
-│  ┌────────────────┐                                             │
-│  │SynthesizedAudio│                                             │
-│  └────────────────┘                                             │
-└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-```
-
-### Core Components
-
-| Component | Responsibility |
-|-----------|----------------|
-| **PluginManifest** | Static metadata: id, name, version, api_version, capabilities, engine manifest |
-| **EngineManifest** | Voice sources, parameters, audio formats |
-| **HostContext** | Minimal host services: config_dir, logger, http_client |
-| **Engine** | Stateless factory for sessions; thread-safe `createSession()` |
-| **EngineSession** | Owns mutable execution state; not thread-safe |
-| **PluginManager** | Discovers, validates, and manages plugin lifecycle |
-| **Capabilities** | Optional interfaces: VoiceLister, PreviewGenerator, StreamingSynthesizer, CancelableSession |
-
----
-
-## 2. Ownership Model
-
-### Engine Ownership
-```
-PluginManager.create_engine() → Engine
-```
-- **PluginManager** creates and caches engines
-- **Caller** receives `Engine` instance
-- **Caller** must dispose all sessions **before** disposing engine
-- **Engine.dispose()** releases engine resources
-- After `Engine.dispose()`: all methods except `dispose()` raise `EngineError`
-
-### Session Ownership
-```
-Engine.createSession() → EngineSession
-```
-- **Engine** creates session
-- **Ownership transfers to caller** immediately
-- **Caller** is responsible for `session.dispose()`
-- **Engine does NOT track sessions** — no registry, no callbacks
-- After `session.dispose()`: all methods except `dispose()` raise `EngineError`
-
-### Disposal Order (Invariant)
-```python
-# Correct
-engine = manager.create_engine("id")
-session = engine.createSession()
-try:
-    audio = session.synthesize(request)
-finally:
-    session.dispose()      # 1. Sessions FIRST
-engine.dispose()           # 2. Then engine
-
-# INCORRECT — violates contract (undefined behavior)
-engine.dispose()
-session.synthesize(request)  # EngineError
-```
-
----
-
-## 3. Lifecycle State Machine
-
-```
-DISCOVERY
-  PluginManager.discover(plugin_dirs)
-  → Loads PLUGIN_MANIFEST, MODEL_REQUIREMENTS
-  → Validates api_version (major must match)
-  → Validates declared capabilities are implemented
-
-MODEL_DOWNLOAD (if MODEL_REQUIREMENTS non-empty)
-  Host reads MODEL_REQUIREMENTS
-  Downloads/caches models
-  Resolves model_path
-
-ACTIVATION
-  create_engine(context, model_path, config)
-  → Atomic: succeeds fully or raises EngineError
-  → Returns Engine
-
-SESSION_CREATION
-  engine.createSession() → EngineSession
-  → Ownership transfers to caller
-  → Raises EngineError on failure
-  → Never returns partial session
-
-SYNTHESIS
-  session.synthesize(request)
-  → Returns SynthesizedAudio
-  → Raises EngineError on failure
-  → Session remains usable after error
-
-SESSION_DISPOSAL
-  session.dispose()
-  → Idempotent, never raises
-  → After: all methods raise EngineError
-
-DEACTIVATION
-  engine.dispose()
-  → Caller MUST dispose all sessions first
-  → Idempotent, never raises
-  → After: all methods raise EngineError
-```
-
----
-
-## 4. Protocol Contracts
-
-### Engine (Protocol)
-```python
-@runtime_checkable
-class Engine(Protocol):
-    def createSession(self) -> EngineSession:
-        """Create a new session. Thread-safe. Transfers ownership."""
-        ...
-
-    def dispose(self) -> None:
-        """Release engine resources.
-        Caller must dispose all sessions first.
-        Idempotent, never raises.
-        After: all methods except dispose() raise EngineError."""
-        ...
-```
-
-### EngineSession (Protocol)
-```python
-@runtime_checkable
-class EngineSession(Protocol):
-    def synthesize(self, request: SynthesisRequest) -> SynthesizedAudio:
-        """Synthesize audio.
-        Returns SynthesizedAudio or raises EngineError.
-        Session remains usable after error."""
-        ...
-
-    def dispose(self) -> None:
-        """Release session resources.
-        Idempotent, never raises.
-        After: all methods except dispose() raise EngineError."""
-        ...
-```
-
-### Capability Protocols (Optional)
-- **VoiceLister**: `listVoices(source_id: str) -> list[VoiceManifest]`
-- **PreviewGenerator**: `generatePreview(voice: VoiceSelection, text: str) -> SynthesizedAudio`
-- **StreamingSynthesizer**: `synthesizeStream(request: SynthesisRequest) -> Iterator[bytes]`
-- **CancelableSession**: `cancel() -> None` (causes in-flight synthesize to raise `CancelledError`)
-
----
-
-## 5. Error Semantics
-
-```
-EngineError (base)
-├── ModelNotFoundError      # Required model not found
-├── ModelLoadError          # Model failed to load
-├── NetworkError            # Network operation failed
-├── InvalidInputError       # Request validation failed
-├── ConfigurationError      # Invalid configuration
-├── CancelledError          # Operation cancelled via CancelableSession
-└── InternalError           # Unexpected internal failure
-```
-
-### When Each Is Raised
-| Error | Raised By | Conditions |
-|-------|-----------|------------|
-| `ModelNotFoundError` | `create_engine()` | Required model not found at `model_path` |
-| `ModelLoadError` | `create_engine()` | Model exists but fails to load |
-| `NetworkError` | `synthesize()`, `create_engine()` | Network call fails (cloud engines) |
-| `InvalidInputError` | `synthesize()` | Request validation fails (empty text, invalid voice, etc.) |
-| `ConfigurationError` | `create_engine()` | Config values invalid for this engine |
-| `CancelledError` | `synthesize()`, `synthesizeStream()` | `CancelableSession.cancel()` called |
-| `InternalError` | Any | Unexpected internal failure (bug) |
-
-### Dispose Contract
-- `dispose()` is **idempotent** and **never raises**
-- After `dispose()`: all methods except `dispose()` raise `EngineError`
-- Engine: caller must dispose all sessions first; violating this is undefined behavior
-
----
-
-## 6. Capabilities
-
-| Capability | Interface | Enables |
-|------------|-----------|---------|
-| `voice_list` | `VoiceLister` | `listVoices(source_id)` — enumerate available voices |
-| `preview` | `PreviewGenerator` | `generatePreview(voice, text)` — preview without session |
-| `streaming` | `StreamingSynthesizer` | `synthesizeStream(request)` — chunked audio output |
-| `cancel` | `CancelableSession` | `cancel()` — interrupt in-flight synthesis |
-
-Plugins declare capabilities in `PluginManifest.capabilities`. Host validates at load time.
-
----
-
-## 7. Contract Tests
-
-**Location**: `tests/contracts/`
-
-**Purpose**: Verify every plugin satisfies the architectural contracts.
-
-**Guarantees**:
-- Required exports exist (`PLUGIN_MANIFEST`, `MODEL_REQUIREMENTS`, `create_engine`)
-- `create_engine` is atomic
-- `Engine.createSession()` transfers ownership, never returns partial
-- `dispose()` is idempotent on Engine and EngineSession
-- After `dispose()`, methods raise `EngineError`
-- `synthesize()` raises typed `EngineError` subtypes, session remains usable
-- Declared capabilities are actually implemented
-- Plugin loader validates manifest, api_version, capabilities
-
-**Run**: `pytest tests/contracts/ -v`
-
----
-
-## 8. Behavioral Tests
-
-**Location**: `tests/test_behavioral_regression.py`
-
-**Purpose**: Verify user-facing behavior via public API only (`create_pipeline`, `Engine`, `EngineSession`, `PluginManager`).
-
-**Scope**:
-- Synthesis with various inputs (short, long, empty, unicode, mixed scripts)
-- Voice selection and listing
-- Parameter handling (speed, etc.)
-- Error scenarios (unknown plugin, disposal, etc.)
-- Resource cleanup (dispose idempotency, no leaks)
-- Pipeline utility (`create_pipeline`)
-
-**Run**: `pytest tests/test_behavioral_regression.py -v`
-
----
-
-## 9. Reference
-
-- **Architecture Spec**: `docs/architecture-final-v2.md`
-- **Amendment (lang_code)**: `docs/architecture-amendment-001.md`
-- **Migration Roadmap**: `docs/migration-roadmap.md`
-- **Plugin Examples**: `plugins/kokoro/`, `plugins/supertonic/`
-- **Protocol Definitions**: `abogen/tts_plugin/engine.py`, `abogen/tts_plugin/capabilities.py`

docs/getting-started.md

@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-# Getting Started
-
-Quickstart for developers working on Abogen.
-
-## Prerequisites
-
-- Python 3.10+
-- Node.js 20+
-- npm 10+
-- Git
-- Docker (optional)
-
-## Installation
-
-```bash
-# Development install with all extras
-pip install -e .[dev]
-
-# Or with uv
-uv pip install -e .[dev]
-```
-
-## Running the Application
-
-```bash
-# Desktop GUI
-abogen
-
-# Web UI
-abogen-web
-
-# CLI
-abogen-cli
-```
-
-## Project Structure
-
-```
-abogen/
-├── pyqt/         - PyQt6 desktop GUI
-├── webui/        - Flask web UI
-├── tts_plugin/   - Plugin Architecture (Engine, EngineSession, Manifest)
-└── plugins/      - Built-in plugins (kokoro, supertonic)
-tests/
-├── contracts/    - Contract compliance tests
-└── ...
-```
-
-## Testing
-
-```bash
-# All tests
-pytest
-
-# Contract tests (architectural compliance)
-pytest tests/contracts/
-
-# Behavioral regression tests
-pytest tests/test_behavioral_regression.py
-```
-
-## Architecture
-
-See [Developer Guide](developer-guide.md) for Plugin Architecture details:
-- Engine / EngineSession lifecycle
-- Plugin contract (PLUGIN_MANIFEST, create_engine)
-- Adding new plugins
-- Capability interfaces

docs/testing.md

@@ -1,269 +0,0 @@
-# Testing Guide
-
-This document describes the testing strategy for Abogen's Plugin Architecture.
-
-## Test Categories
-
-### 0. Auto-Discovery Plugin Tests (`tests/plugins/`)
-
-**Purpose**: Automatically test every plugin in `plugins/` directory without manual test creation. These tests use discovery to find all plugins and run generic tests against each one.
-
-**What They Test**:
-- **Manifest structure**: Required fields, API version format, voices field
-- **Engine lifecycle**: `create_engine`, `dispose` idempotency, post-dispose behavior
-- **Capability implementation**: Declared capabilities are implemented (e.g., `voice_list` → `VoiceLister`)
-
-**How Auto-Discovery Works**:
-```python
-# tests/plugins/conftest.py
-@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
-def plugin_ids(plugins_dir: Path) -> list[str]:
-    """Discovers all plugin directories with __init__.py"""
-    return [item.name for item in plugins_dir.iterdir() 
-            if item.is_dir() and (item / "__init__.py").exists()]
-```
-
-**Test Structure**:
-```
-tests/plugins/
-├── conftest.py              # Fixtures: plugin_ids, loaded_plugin, host_context
-└── test_all_plugins.py      # Generic tests for every plugin
-    ├── TestAllPluginsManifest
-    ├── TestAllPluginsEngine
-    └── TestAllPluginsCapabilities
-```
-
-**Running Auto-Discovery Tests**:
-```bash
-# Test all plugins automatically
-pytest tests/plugins/ -v
-
-# Test specific plugin
-pytest tests/plugins/ -v -k "kokoro"
-
-# See which plugins were discovered
-pytest tests/plugins/ --collect-only
-```
-
-**Adding a New Plugin**:
-1. Create plugin directory: `plugins/my_plugin/`
-2. Add `__init__.py` with `PLUGIN_MANIFEST`, `MODEL_REQUIREMENTS`, `create_engine`
-3. Run `pytest tests/plugins/` — tests automatically discover and test your plugin!
-
-**When to Add Plugin-Specific Tests**:
-Auto-discovery tests cover generic contract validation. Create plugin-specific tests in `tests/test_<plugin>_plugin.py` for:
-- Integration with real dependencies (e.g., KPipeline for Kokoro)
-- Specific voice IDs and behavior
-- Plugin-specific parameters and features
-
----
-
-### 1. Contract Tests (`tests/contracts/`)
-
-**Purpose**: Verify that every plugin satisfies the architectural contract. These tests ensure the Plugin Architecture's invariants are maintained.
-
-**What They Guarantee**:
-- Every plugin exports `PLUGIN_MANIFEST`, `MODEL_REQUIREMENTS`, `create_engine`
-- `create_engine` is atomic (succeeds fully or raises and cleans up)
-- `Engine.createSession()` returns valid `EngineSession`, transfers ownership
-- `Engine.dispose()` is idempotent, never raises
-- After `dispose()`, all methods raise `EngineError`
-- `EngineSession.synthesize()` returns `SynthesizedAudio` or raises `EngineError` (session remains usable)
-- `EngineSession.dispose()` is idempotent, never raises
-- Capability interfaces (`VoiceLister`, `PreviewGenerator`, etc.) are correctly implemented
-- Plugin Loader discovers, validates, and loads plugins correctly
-- Plugin Manager creates, caches, and disposes engines correctly
-- Value objects are immutable and have correct equality semantics
-- Error hierarchy is preserved (`EngineError` base with subtypes)
-
-**Why They Exist**:
-- Provide **compile-time-like guarantees** for a dynamic plugin system
-- Enable **safe plugin ecosystem** — host can trust any loaded plugin
-- Catch **architectural violations** early (missing dispose, wrong return types, etc.)
-- Document the **contract** in executable form
-
-**What Every New Plugin Must Pass**:
-```bash
-pytest tests/contracts/ -v
-# All tests must pass
-```
-
-**Running Contract Tests**:
-```bash
-# All contract tests
-pytest tests/contracts/
-
-# Specific contract
-pytest tests/contracts/test_engine_contract.py
-
-# With coverage
-pytest tests/contracts/ --cov=abogen.tts_plugin
-```
-
----
-
-### 2. Behavioral Tests (`tests/test_behavioral_regression.py`)
-
-**Purpose**: Verify external user-facing behavior using only public API. These tests are **not coupled to internal implementation**.
-
-**What They Test**:
-- Synthesis with various inputs (short, long, empty, unicode, mixed scripts)
-- Voice selection and listing
-- Parameter handling (speed, etc.)
-- Error scenarios (unknown plugin, disposal, etc.)
-- Resource cleanup (dispose idempotency, no leaks)
-- Pipeline utility (`create_pipeline`)
-
-**Why They Test Public Behavior Only**:
-- **Refactoring safety**: Internal changes don't break tests
-- **Real-world usage**: Tests match how consumers actually use the API
-- **Plugin agnostic**: Parametrized across Kokoro, SuperTonic, and mock plugins
-- **Regression detection**: Catch behavioral regressions regardless of implementation
-
-**What They Don't Test**:
-- Internal class structure
-- Private methods
-- Implementation details (how audio is generated, model loading internals)
-
-**Running Behavioral Tests**:
-```bash
-# All behavioral tests
-pytest tests/test_behavioral_regression.py -v
-
-# With specific plugin (if installed)
-pytest tests/test_behavioral_regression.py -v -k "kokoro"
-```
-
----
-
-### 4. Unit Tests (`tests/`)
-
-**Purpose**: Test individual modules in isolation.
-
-**Examples**:
-- `test_book_parser.py` — EPUB/PDF/text parsing
-- `test_text_normalization.py` — Text preprocessing
-- `test_chunk_helpers.py` — Text chunking logic
-- `test_voice_cache.py` — Voice caching
-
----
-
-### 5. Integration Tests
-
-**Purpose**: Test cross-component interactions.
-
-**Examples**:
-- `test_kokoro_plugin.py` — Full Kokoro plugin integration
-- `test_supertonic_plugin.py` — Full SuperTonic plugin integration
-- `test_conversion_series.py` — End-to-end conversion pipeline
-
----
-
-## Test Architecture
-
-```
-tests/
-├── contracts/           # Contract tests (architectural compliance)
-│   ├── conftest.py      # Shared fixtures (FakeEngine, FakeSession)
-│   ├── test_manifest_contract.py
-│   ├── test_plugin_contract.py
-│   ├── test_engine_contract.py
-│   ├── test_session_contract.py
-│   ├── test_capabilities_contract.py
-│   ├── test_loader_contract.py
-│   ├── test_plugin_manager_contract.py
-│   ├── test_types_contract.py
-│   ├── test_errors_contract.py
-│   ├── test_host_context_contract.py
-│   └── test_integration.py
-├── test_behavioral_regression.py  # Behavioral tests (public API)
-├── test_kokoro_plugin.py          # Kokoro integration
-├── test_supertonic_plugin.py      # SuperTonic integration
-└── ...                            # Other unit/integration tests
-```
-
----
-
-## Adding Tests for a New Plugin
-
-### Auto-Discovery Tests (Automatic!)
-
-**No manual test creation required!** When you add a new plugin to `plugins/`:
-
-1. Create plugin directory: `plugins/my_plugin/`
-2. Add `__init__.py` with required exports:
-   ```python
-   PLUGIN_MANIFEST = PluginManifest(...)
-   MODEL_REQUIREMENTS = [...]
-   def create_engine(...): ...
-   ```
-3. Run `pytest tests/plugins/` — auto-discovery tests automatically find and test your plugin!
-
-**What's Tested Automatically**:
-- Manifest structure and required fields
-- API version compatibility
-- Engine creation and dispose contract
-- Capability implementation (if declared)
-
-### Plugin-Specific Tests (Optional)
-
-Create `tests/test_my_plugin_plugin.py` for:
-- Integration with real backend (e.g., KPipeline for Kokoro)
-- Specific voice IDs and behavior
-- Plugin-specific parameters and features
-
-### Contract Tests (Deprecated for New Plugins)
-
-**Note**: Auto-discovery tests (`tests/plugins/`) now cover contract validation for all plugins. Manual contract tests in `tests/contracts/` are only needed for testing internal architecture components.
-
-### Behavioral Tests (Recommended)
-
-Add parametrized tests to `tests/test_behavioral_regression.py`:
-
-```python
-# In _plugin_ids list, add your plugin
-_plugin_ids = ["kokoro", "supertonic", "my_plugin"]
-_plugin_engines["my_plugin"] = _YourMockEngine
-_plugin_default_voices["my_plugin"] = "voice1"
-_plugin_all_voices["my_plugin"] = ["voice1", "voice2"]
-```
-
-All existing behavioral tests will automatically run against your plugin.
-
----
-
-## Continuous Integration
-
-```yaml
-# .github/workflows/test.yml
-- name: Contract Tests
-  run: pytest tests/contracts/ -v
-
-- name: Behavioral Tests
-  run: pytest tests/test_behavioral_regression.py -v
-
-- name: Unit & Integration Tests
-  run: pytest tests/ -v --ignore=tests/test_behavioral_regression.py
-```
-
----
-
-## Test Design Principles
-
-### Contract Tests
-- **No mocks** for the system under test (test real plugin loading)
-- **Strict assertions** on types and behavior
-- **Document architecture** in test names and docstrings
-- **Fail fast** on architectural violations
-
-### Behavioral Tests
-- **Only public API** (`create_pipeline`, `Engine`, `EngineSession`, `PluginManager`)
-- **Parametrized** across plugins
-- **Realistic scenarios** (long text, unicode, mixed scripts)
-- **No implementation coupling** (test behavior, not internals)
-
-### General
-- **Fast**: Unit tests < 1s, Contract tests < 5s, Behavioral < 30s
-- **Isolated**: No shared state between tests
-- **Deterministic**: Same input → same output
-- **Descriptive names**: `test_<component>_<scenario>_<expected>`

docs/tts-plugin-architecture.md

@@ -1,689 +0,0 @@
-# TTS Plugin Architecture — Final Specification
-
-## 1. Core Domain
-
-Zero dependencies. Pure business logic.
-
-### 1.1 Engine
-
-Factory for sessions. Stateless. Thread-safe for createSession().
-
-```
-interface Engine:
-  createSession() -> EngineSession
-  dispose() -> void
-```
-
-**createSession() contract**:
-- Returns: EngineSession
-- Raises: EngineError on failure
-- Ownership: Transfers to caller
-- Thread-safe: Yes
-
-**dispose() contract**:
-- Releases engine resources
-- Caller must ensure all sessions created by this engine are disposed before calling dispose()
-- Disposing an engine while any session is still alive violates the API contract; behavior is undefined
-- Idempotent: Safe to call multiple times
-- Never raises: Catches and logs internally
-- After dispose(): All methods except dispose() raise EngineError
-
-### 1.2 EngineSession
-
-Owns mutable execution state isolated from other concurrent work. NOT thread-safe.
-
-```
-interface EngineSession:
-  synthesize(request: SynthesisRequest) -> SynthesizedAudio
-  dispose() -> void
-```
-
-**synthesize() contract**:
-- Returns: SynthesizedAudio
-- Raises: EngineError on failure (session remains usable)
-- Thread-safe: No
-
-**dispose() contract**:
-- Releases session resources
-- Idempotent: Safe to call multiple times
-- Never raises: Catches and logs internally
-- After dispose(): All methods except dispose() raise EngineError
-
-### 1.3 SynthesisRequest
-
-Immutable value object.
-
-```
-SynthesisRequest:
-  text: string
-  voice: VoiceSelection
-  parameters: ParameterValues
-  format: AudioFormat
-```
-
-### 1.4 SynthesizedAudio
-
-Immutable value object.
-
-```
-SynthesizedAudio:
-  data: bytes
-  format: AudioFormat
-  duration: Duration
-```
-
-### 1.5 VoiceSelection
-
-Immutable value object. Opaque to engine.
-
-```
-VoiceSelection:
-  source: string
-  key: string
-  payload: any = None  # Optional; required for clone/blend sources
-```
-
-### 1.6 ParameterValues
-
-Immutable value object. Behaves like Mapping[str, Any].
-
-```
-ParameterValues:
-  values: Mapping[str, Any]
-```
-
-### 1.7 AudioFormat
-
-Immutable value object.
-
-```
-AudioFormat:
-  mime: string
-  extension: string
-```
-
-### 1.8 Duration
-
-Immutable value object.
-
-```
-Duration:
-  seconds: number
-```
-
-### 1.9 EngineConfig
-
-Engine initialization settings only. No resource references.
-
-```
-EngineConfig:
-  device: string    # "cpu", "cuda:0", etc.
-  # Engine-specific settings (if any)
-  # Unknown keys are ignored (no error)
-```
-
----
-
-## 2. Error Hierarchy
-
-Typed exceptions. Engines raise EngineError or subtypes. Never raw exceptions.
-
-```
-EngineError (base)
-├── ModelNotFoundError
-├── ModelLoadError
-├── NetworkError
-├── InvalidInputError
-├── ConfigurationError
-├── CancelledError
-└── InternalError
-```
-
-**Contract**:
-- synthesize() raises EngineError on failure, session remains usable
-- dispose() never raises (catches and logs internally)
-- create_engine() raises EngineError on failure, cleans up partially created resources
-- createSession() raises EngineError on failure, no partially initialized session returned
-- cancel() causes synthesize() to raise CancelledError
-
----
-
-## 3. Capability Interfaces (Optional)
-
-Engines implement only what they support. Capabilities are additive.
-
-### 3.1 VoiceLister
-
-```
-interface VoiceLister:
-  listVoices(sourceId: string) -> list[VoiceManifest]
-```
-
-### 3.2 PreviewGenerator
-
-```
-interface PreviewGenerator:
-  generatePreview(voice: VoiceSelection, text: string) -> SynthesizedAudio
-```
-
-### 3.3 ModelRequirements
-
-Static at plugin level, not engine level. Host reads before creating engine.
-
-```
-MODEL_REQUIREMENTS = list[ModelManifest]
-```
-
-### 3.4 StreamingSynthesizer
-
-Optional capability of EngineSession, not Engine.
-
-```
-interface StreamingSynthesizer:
-  synthesizeStream(request: SynthesisRequest) -> Iterator[bytes]
-```
-
-**Iterator contract**:
-- Yields audio chunks as they become available
-- Raises CancelledError if cancel() is called during iteration
-- Raises EngineError on synthesis failure
-- Iterator exhaustion = synthesis complete
-- Session remains usable after iterator completes
-
-### 3.5 CancelableSession
-
-Optional capability for engines that support cancellation.
-
-```
-interface CancelableSession:
-  cancel() -> void
-```
-
-**cancel() contract**:
-- Cancels in-progress synthesize()
-- synthesize() raises CancelledError (subtype of EngineError)
-- EngineSession remains usable after cancellation (unless implementation documents otherwise)
-
----
-
-## 4. Plugin Manifest
-
-Static metadata. Immutable. No dependencies.
-
-### 4.1 PluginManifest
-
-```
-PluginManifest:
-  id: string
-  name: string
-  version: string
-  api_version: string  # semver format: MAJOR.MINOR
-  description: string
-  author: string
-  capabilities: list[string]
-  requires: RequirementManifest
-  engine: EngineManifest
-```
-
-**api_version contract**:
-- Format: semver (MAJOR.MINOR)
-- Compatibility: Host rejects plugin if major version differs
-- Minor version: backward compatible, Host accepts higher minor
-
-### 4.2 EngineManifest
-
-```
-EngineManifest:
-  voiceSources: list[VoiceSourceManifest]
-  parameters: list[ParameterManifest]
-  audioFormats: list[AudioFormatManifest]
-```
-
-### 4.3 VoiceSourceManifest
-
-```
-VoiceSourceManifest:
-  id: string
-  name: string
-  type: string    # "list", "speaker_id", "clone", "blend", "generate", "none"
-  config: any
-```
-
-### 4.4 VoiceManifest
-
-```
-VoiceManifest:
-  id: string
-  name: string
-  tags: list[string]
-```
-
-### 4.5 ParameterManifest
-
-```
-ParameterManifest:
-  id: string
-  name: string
-  description: string
-  type: string    # "float", "int", "string", "boolean", "enum"
-  default: any
-  min: number (optional)
-  max: number (optional)
-  step: number (optional)
-  options: list[EnumOption] (optional)
-  unit: string (optional)
-  group: string (optional)
-```
-
-### 4.6 AudioFormatManifest
-
-```
-AudioFormatManifest:
-  mime: string
-  extension: string
-```
-
-### 4.7 EnumOption
-
-```
-EnumOption:
-  value: string
-  label: string
-```
-
-### 4.8 RequirementManifest
-
-```
-RequirementManifest:
-  gpu: GpuRequirement (optional)
-  memory: number (optional)
-  internet: boolean (optional)
-```
-
-### 4.9 GpuRequirement
-
-```
-GpuRequirement:
-  required: boolean
-  type: string (optional)
-  memory: number (optional)
-```
-
-### 4.10 ModelManifest
-
-```
-ModelManifest:
-  id: string
-  name: string
-  size: string
-```
-
----
-
-## 5. Host Services
-
-### 5.1 HostContext
-
-Minimal. 3 fields maximum. No business logic.
-
-```
-HostContext:
-  config_dir: Path      # For API keys, preferences
-  logger: Logger        # For logging
-  http_client: HttpClient  # For network requests
-```
-
----
-
-## 6. Plugin Contract
-
-### 6.1 Plugin Exports
-
-```python
-# plugins/kokoro/__init__.py
-
-PLUGIN_MANIFEST = PluginManifest(...)
-MODEL_REQUIREMENTS = [...]  # Static at plugin level
-
-def create_engine(
-  context: HostContext,
-  model_path: Path | None,
-  config: EngineConfig
-) -> Engine:
-  """Create engine. Atomic: succeeds fully or raises and cleans up."""
-  ...
-```
-
-### 6.2 create_engine() Contract
-
-- Parameters:
-  - context: HostContext (host services)
-  - model_path: Path | None (resolved model path, or None for cloud/no-model engines)
-  - config: EngineConfig (engine initialization settings)
-- Returns: Engine
-- Raises: EngineError on failure
-- Atomic: Succeeds fully or cleans up and raises
-- Thread-safe: Can be called from any thread
-
----
-
-## 7. Object Lifecycle
-
-### 7.1 Engine Lifecycle
-
-```
-1. DISCOVERY
-   Host scans plugin directories
-   Loads PLUGIN_MANIFEST and MODEL_REQUIREMENTS
-
-2. MODEL DOWNLOAD (if MODEL_REQUIREMENTS non-empty)
-   Host reads MODEL_REQUIREMENTS
-   Downloads/caches required models
-   Resolves model_path for create_engine()
-
-3. ACTIVATION
-   Host calls create_engine(context, model_path, config)
-   Engine created, ready to use
-   Raises EngineError on failure
-
-4. SESSION CREATION
-   Client calls engine.createSession()
-   Returns EngineSession
-   Ownership transfers to caller
-   Raises EngineError on failure
-   No partially initialized session returned
-
-5. SYNTHESIS
-   Client calls session.synthesize(request)
-   Returns SynthesizedAudio
-   Raises EngineError on failure (session remains usable)
-
-6. SESSION DISPOSAL
-   Client calls session.dispose()
-   Releases session resources
-
-7. DEACTIVATION
-   Client calls engine.dispose()
-   Caller must ensure all sessions are disposed first
-   Disposing engine while sessions are alive is undefined behavior
-   Releases engine resources
-```
-
-### 7.2 EngineSession Lifecycle
-
-```
-1. CREATION
-   Created by Engine.createSession()
-   Ownership transfers to caller
-   Raises EngineError on failure
-
-2. USAGE
-   Client calls synthesize() one or more times
-   Each call returns SynthesizedAudio or raises EngineError
-   Session remains usable after synthesize() failure
-   If CancelableSession: cancel() causes synthesize() to raise CancelledError
-   If StreamingSynthesizer: iterator raises CancelledError on cancel(), EngineError on failure
-
-3. DISPOSAL
-   Client calls dispose()
-   Releases session resources
-   After dispose(), all methods except dispose() raise EngineError
-```
-
-### 7.3 Ownership Rules
-
-- Engine.createSession() transfers ownership of the returned session to the caller
-- Caller is responsible for disposing all sessions before disposing the engine
-- Engine does not track sessions; it has no lifecycle registry
-- Disposing an engine while any session is still alive violates the API contract; behavior is undefined
-- This design avoids coupling, synchronization overhead, and lifecycle registry complexity
-
-### 7.4 Concurrent Operations
-
-**Engine.dispose() concurrent with Engine.createSession()**:
-- createSession() must either succeed with fully initialized EngineSession or raise EngineError
-- Partially initialized EngineSession must never be returned
-- After dispose() completes, subsequent createSession() calls must raise EngineError
-
-**EngineSession.dispose() concurrent with EngineSession.synthesize()**:
-- Not thread-safe. Caller must ensure synthesize() completes before dispose().
-
-**EngineSession.dispose() concurrent with StreamingSynthesizer.synthesizeStream()**:
-- Not thread-safe. Caller must ensure stream iteration completes before dispose().
-
----
-
-## 8. Thread Safety Contract
-
-| Component | Thread-safe | Notes |
-|-----------|-------------|-------|
-| Engine | Yes | createSession() can be called from any thread |
-| EngineSession | No | synthesize() must be called from one thread at a time |
-| HostContext | Yes | Provides shared services |
-| VoiceSelection | Yes | Immutable value object |
-| ParameterValues | Yes | Immutable value object |
-| AudioFormat | Yes | Immutable value object |
-| EngineConfig | Yes | Immutable value object |
-
----
-
-## 9. dispose() Contract
-
-**General rules**:
-- Calling dispose() multiple times is safe (no-op on second call)
-- dispose() never raises exceptions (catches and logs internally)
-- After dispose(), all methods except dispose() raise EngineError
-
-**Engine.dispose()**:
-- Caller must ensure all sessions are disposed first
-- Disposing engine while sessions are alive violates API contract; behavior is undefined
-- Releases engine resources
-
-**EngineSession.dispose()**:
-- Releases session resources
-
----
-
-## 10. Dependency Rules
-
-```
-Core Domain (Engine, EngineSession, Value Objects)
-  -> No dependencies
-
-Plugin Manifest (PluginManifest, ModelManifest, etc.)
-  -> No dependencies
-
-Host Context (HostContext)
-  -> Depends on: Core Domain (for types)
-
-Plugin Implementation
-  -> Depends on: Core Domain, Host Context
-
-Host
-  -> Depends on: Core Domain, Plugin Manifest
-```
-
-**Forbidden**:
-- Core Domain -> anything else
-- Plugin Manifest -> anything else
-- Plugin Implementation -> Host (only receives HostContext)
-- Host -> Plugin Implementation (only via create_engine function)
-
----
-
-## 11. Architectural Invariants
-
-1. Core Domain has zero dependencies
-2. Plugins receive HostContext at creation, not via global state
-3. Model requirements are static (plugin level), not dynamic (engine level)
-4. Host validates capability implementation at load time: each capability declared in PluginManifest.capabilities must be implemented by the exported object via the corresponding interface
-5. synthesize() raises typed exceptions, not returns Result
-6. dispose() is idempotent and never raises
-7. No global state, no service locator
-8. VoiceSelection and ParameterValues are opaque to engine
-9. Display information comes from VoiceManifest
-10. HostContext is minimal (3 fields max)
-11. EngineConfig contains only engine settings, not resource references
-12. EngineSession owns mutable execution state isolated from other concurrent work
-13. Engine.createSession() transfers ownership to caller
-14. Caller must dispose all sessions before disposing engine
-15. After dispose(), all methods except dispose() raise EngineError
-16. create_engine() is atomic (all-or-nothing)
-17. Garbage collection without dispose() may leak (documented)
-18. Capabilities are additive (new capabilities don't break old plugins)
-19. api_version enables compatibility checking
-20. createSession() returns fully initialized session or raises, never partial
-21. cancel() causes synthesize() to raise CancelledError
-22. EngineSession remains usable after cancellation
-23. Engine does not track sessions; no lifecycle registry
-
----
-
-## 12. Validation Examples
-
-### 12.1 Kokoro
-
-```python
-PLUGIN_MANIFEST = PluginManifest(
-  id="kokoro",
-  api_version="1.0",
-  capabilities=["voice_list", "preview", "voice_blend"],
-  engine=EngineManifest(
-    voiceSources=[
-      VoiceSourceManifest(id="builtin", type="list", config={"voices": [...]}),
-      VoiceSourceManifest(id="formula", type="blend", config={"syntax": "{a}*0.5+{b}*0.5"}),
-    ],
-    parameters=[ParameterManifest(id="speed", type="float", default=1.0, min=0.5, max=2.0)],
-    audioFormats=[AudioFormatManifest(mime="audio/wav", extension="wav")],
-  ),
-)
-
-MODEL_REQUIREMENTS = []
-
-def create_engine(context: HostContext, model_path: Path | None, config: EngineConfig) -> Engine:
-  model = load_kokoro(model_path)
-  return KokoroEngine(model, config.device)
-```
-
-### 12.2 SuperTonic
-
-```python
-PLUGIN_MANIFEST = PluginManifest(
-  id="supertonic",
-  api_version="1.0",
-  capabilities=["voice_list", "preview"],
-  engine=EngineManifest(
-    voiceSources=[VoiceSourceManifest(id="builtin", type="list", config={"voices": [...]})],
-    parameters=[
-      ParameterManifest(id="speed", type="float", default=1.0, min=0.5, max=2.0),
-      ParameterManifest(id="steps", type="int", default=20, min=5, max=50),
-    ],
-    audioFormats=[AudioFormatManifest(mime="audio/wav", extension="wav")],
-  ),
-)
-
-MODEL_REQUIREMENTS = []
-
-def create_engine(context: HostContext, model_path: Path | None, config: EngineConfig) -> Engine:
-  model = load_supertonic(model_path)
-  return SuperTonicEngine(model, config.device)
-```
-
-### 12.3 ElevenLabs
-
-```python
-PLUGIN_MANIFEST = PluginManifest(
-  id="elevenlabs",
-  api_version="1.0",
-  capabilities=["voice_list"],
-  requires=RequirementManifest(internet=True),
-  engine=EngineManifest(
-    voiceSources=[VoiceSourceManifest(id="cloud", type="list", config={"speakers": [...]})],
-    parameters=[ParameterManifest(id="stability", type="float", default=0.5, min=0.0, max=1.0)],
-    audioFormats=[AudioFormatManifest(mime="audio/mpeg", extension="mp3")],
-  ),
-)
-
-MODEL_REQUIREMENTS = []
-
-def create_engine(context: HostContext, model_path: Path | None, config: EngineConfig) -> Engine:
-  api_key = (context.config_dir / "elevenlabs_key").read_text()
-  return ElevenLabsEngine(api_key)
-```
-
-### 12.4 Piper
-
-```python
-PLUGIN_MANIFEST = PluginManifest(
-  id="piper",
-  api_version="1.0",
-  capabilities=[],
-  engine=EngineManifest(
-    voiceSources=[VoiceSourceManifest(id="downloadable", type="list", config={"models": [...]})],
-    parameters=[ParameterManifest(id="speed", type="float", default=1.0, min=0.5, max=2.0)],
-    audioFormats=[AudioFormatManifest(mime="audio/wav", extension="wav")],
-  ),
-)
-
-MODEL_REQUIREMENTS = [
-  ModelManifest(id="en_US-lessac-medium", name="English Lessac Medium", size="100MB"),
-]
-
-def create_engine(context: HostContext, model_path: Path | None, config: EngineConfig) -> Engine:
-  return PiperEngine(model_path, config.device)
-```
-
-### 12.5 XTTS (with streaming and cancellation)
-
-```python
-PLUGIN_MANIFEST = PluginManifest(
-  id="xtts",
-  api_version="1.0",
-  capabilities=["voice_list", "preview", "voice_clone", "streaming", "cancel"],
-  requires=RequirementManifest(gpu=GpuRequirement(required=True, type="cuda")),
-  engine=EngineManifest(
-    voiceSources=[
-      VoiceSourceManifest(id="speakers", type="speaker_id", config={"speakers": [...]}),
-      VoiceSourceManifest(id="clone", type="clone", config={"requiresAudio": True, "maxDuration": 30}),
-    ],
-    parameters=[ParameterManifest(id="temperature", type="float", default=0.7, min=0.1, max=1.0)],
-    audioFormats=[AudioFormatManifest(mime="audio/wav", extension="wav")],
-  ),
-)
-
-MODEL_REQUIREMENTS = [
-  ModelManifest(id="xtts_v2", name="XTTS v2", size="2GB"),
-]
-
-def create_engine(context: HostContext, model_path: Path | None, config: EngineConfig) -> Engine:
-  return XTTSEngine(model_path, config.device)
-```
-
-XTTS session implements: EngineSession, StreamingSynthesizer, CancelableSession.
-
----
-
-## 13. Summary of All Decisions
-
-| Aspect | Decision |
-|--------|----------|
-| Engine | Factory, stateless, thread-safe for createSession() |
-| EngineSession | Owns mutable execution state, not thread-safe |
-| EngineSession ownership | Caller owns (transferred from createSession) |
-| Engine session tracking | None; engine does not track sessions |
-| StreamingSynthesizer | Optional capability of EngineSession |
-| CancelableSession | Optional capability, cancel() raises CancelledError |
-| dispose() | Idempotent, never raises |
-| Engine.dispose() | Caller must dispose sessions first; undefined if violated |
-| createSession() | Raises EngineError on failure, no partial sessions |
-| create_engine() | Atomic, takes context, model_path, config |
-| EngineConfig | Engine settings only, no resource references |
-| model_path | Separate argument, not in EngineConfig |
-| MODEL_REQUIREMENTS | Static at plugin level |
-| HostContext | Minimal (3 fields) |
-| Error handling | Typed exceptions (EngineError hierarchy) |
-| Thread safety | Documented per component |
-| Capabilities | Additive, optional interfaces |
-| API versioning | api_version in manifest |
-| Concurrent dispose/createSession | Fully initialized session or EngineError |
-| Concurrent dispose/synthesizeStream | Not thread-safe; caller must complete iteration first |

plugins/kokoro/__init__.py

@@ -1,185 +0,0 @@
-"""Kokoro TTS Plugin for the TTS Plugin Architecture.
-
-This plugin provides a Kokoro-based TTS engine that implements the
-Plugin API contract. It wraps the existing Kokoro backend in the
-new Engine/EngineSession architecture.
-
-Exports:
-    - PLUGIN_MANIFEST: PluginManifest
-    - MODEL_REQUIREMENTS: list[ModelManifest]
-    - create_engine: Factory function
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any
-
-from abogen.tts_plugin.engine import Engine
-from abogen.tts_plugin.host_context import HostContext
-from abogen.tts_plugin.manifest import (
-    AudioFormatManifest,
-    EngineManifest,
-    ModelManifest,
-    ParameterManifest,
-    PluginManifest,
-    RequirementManifest,
-    VoiceManifest,
-    VoiceSourceManifest,
-)
-from abogen.tts_plugin.types import EngineConfig
-
-from .engine import KokoroEngine
-
-
-def _load_kpipeline() -> Any:
-    """Lazy-load Kokoro dependencies."""
-    # Transformers 5.x moved AlbertModel out of top-level imports.
-    # Monkey-patch before kokoro imports it.
-    import transformers
-    if not hasattr(transformers, "AlbertModel"):
-        from transformers.models.albert import AlbertModel as _AlbertModel
-        transformers.AlbertModel = _AlbertModel
-
-    from kokoro import KPipeline  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
-    return KPipeline
-
-
-PLUGIN_MANIFEST = PluginManifest(
-    id="kokoro",
-    name="Kokoro",
-    version="0.9.4",
-    api_version="1.0",
-    description="Kokoro TTS engine - high quality multilingual text-to-speech",
-    author="Kokoro Team",
-    capabilities=("voice_list",),
-    requires=RequirementManifest(
-        internet=False,
-    ),
-    engine=EngineManifest(
-        voiceSources=(
-            VoiceSourceManifest(
-                id="builtin",
-                name="Built-in Voices",
-                type="list",
-                config={"voices": "See listVoices()"},
-            ),
-        ),
-        parameters=(
-            ParameterManifest(
-                id="speed",
-                name="Speed",
-                description="Speech speed multiplier",
-                type="float",
-                default=1.0,
-                min=0.5,
-                max=2.0,
-                step=0.1,
-            ),
-        ),
-        audioFormats=(
-            AudioFormatManifest(mime="audio/wav", extension="wav"),
-        ),
-    ),
-    voices=(
-        VoiceManifest(id="af_alloy", name="Alloy", tags=("en", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="af_aoede", name="Aoede", tags=("en", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="af_bella", name="Bella", tags=("en", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="af_heart", name="Heart", tags=("en", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="af_jessica", name="Jessica", tags=("en", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="af_kore", name="Kore", tags=("en", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="af_nicole", name="Nicole", tags=("en", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="af_nova", name="Nova", tags=("en", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="af_river", name="River", tags=("en", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="af_sarah", name="Sarah", tags=("en", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="af_sky", name="Sky", tags=("en", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="am_adam", name="Adam", tags=("en", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="am_echo", name="Echo", tags=("en", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="am_eric", name="Eric", tags=("en", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="am_fenrir", name="Fenrir", tags=("en", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="am_liam", name="Liam", tags=("en", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="am_michael", name="Michael", tags=("en", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="am_onyx", name="Onyx", tags=("en", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="am_puck", name="Puck", tags=("en", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="am_santa", name="Santa", tags=("en", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="bf_alice", name="Alice", tags=("en", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="bf_emma", name="Emma", tags=("en", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="bf_isabella", name="Isabella", tags=("en", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="bf_lily", name="Lily", tags=("en", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="bm_daniel", name="Daniel", tags=("en", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="bm_fable", name="Fable", tags=("en", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="bm_george", name="George", tags=("en", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="bm_lewis", name="Lewis", tags=("en", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="ef_dora", name="Dora", tags=("es", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="em_alex", name="Alex", tags=("es", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="em_santa", name="Santa", tags=("es", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="ff_siwis", name="Siwis", tags=("fr", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="hf_alpha", name="Alpha", tags=("hi", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="hf_beta", name="Beta", tags=("hi", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="hm_omega", name="Omega", tags=("hi", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="hm_psi", name="Psi", tags=("hi", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="if_sara", name="Sara", tags=("it", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="im_nicola", name="Nicola", tags=("it", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="jf_alpha", name="Alpha", tags=("ja", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="jf_gongitsune", name="Gongitsune", tags=("ja", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="jf_nezumi", name="Nezumi", tags=("ja", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="jf_tebukuro", name="Tebukuro", tags=("ja", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="jm_kumo", name="Kumo", tags=("ja", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="pf_dora", name="Dora", tags=("pt", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="pm_alex", name="Alex", tags=("pt", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="pm_santa", name="Santa", tags=("pt", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="zf_xiaobei", name="Xiaobei", tags=("zh", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="zf_xiaoni", name="Xiaoni", tags=("zh", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="zf_xiaoxiao", name="Xiaoxiao", tags=("zh", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="zf_xiaoyi", name="Xiaoyi", tags=("zh", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="zm_yunjian", name="Yunjian", tags=("zh", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="zm_yunxi", name="Yunxi", tags=("zh", "male")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="zm_yunxia", name="Yunxia", tags=("zh", "female")),
-        VoiceManifest(id="zm_yunyang", name="Yunyang", tags=("zh", "male")),
-    ),
-)
-
-MODEL_REQUIREMENTS: list[ModelManifest] = []
-
-
-def create_engine(
-    context: HostContext,
-    model_path: Path | None,
-    config: EngineConfig,
-) -> Engine:
-    """Create a Kokoro engine instance.
-
-    This function is the plugin entry point. It must be atomic:
-    succeed fully or raise EngineError and clean up.
-
-    Args:
-        context: Host services (config dir, logger, http client).
-        model_path: Resolved model path, or None for default.
-        config: Engine initialization settings (device, etc.).
-
-    Returns:
-        A fully initialized KokoroEngine instance.
-
-    Raises:
-        EngineError: On failure. Cleans up partially created resources.
-    """
-    try:
-        KPipeline = _load_kpipeline()
-
-        # Determine repo_id from model_path or use default
-        repo_id = "hexgrad/Kokoro-82M"
-        if model_path is not None:
-            # If a specific model path is provided, use it as repo_id
-            repo_id = str(model_path)
-
-        pipeline = KPipeline(
-            lang_code=config.lang_code,
-            repo_id=repo_id,
-            device=config.device,
-        )
-
-        engine = KokoroEngine(pipeline)
-        return engine
-    except Exception as e:
-        from abogen.tts_plugin.errors import EngineError as EngineErrorClass
-        raise EngineErrorClass(f"Failed to create Kokoro engine: {e}") from e